本文選題：黃土陡坡 + 土壤侵蝕�。� 參考：《水土保持研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：陜北地區(qū)治溝造地工程中新修溝道階梯狀邊坡抗蝕性較弱。研究利用室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn),研究新開(kāi)挖溝道階梯狀邊坡在降雨作用下不同水土保持措施的水沙效應(yīng),并觀測(cè)其侵蝕發(fā)育過(guò)程。結(jié)果表明:極端氣象條件(120mm/h雨強(qiáng))與坡頂部區(qū)域匯水作用是導(dǎo)致階梯狀邊坡產(chǎn)生快速侵蝕破壞的兩個(gè)主要條件。當(dāng)邊坡僅受到降雨作用,雨強(qiáng)在60mm/h~90mm/h之間變化時(shí),產(chǎn)沙速率穩(wěn)定,不同雨強(qiáng)下產(chǎn)沙速率呈現(xiàn)倍率關(guān)系,坡面侵蝕現(xiàn)象無(wú)明顯差異,坡體無(wú)明顯破壞;120mm/h雨強(qiáng)條件下,產(chǎn)沙速率顯著上升,侵蝕發(fā)育過(guò)程出現(xiàn)明顯變化,坡體破壞明顯。階梯狀邊坡平臺(tái)反坡措施能有效減少60mm/h,90mm/h,120mm/h三種雨強(qiáng)下產(chǎn)沙量58.4%,35.2%,62.1%,減少?gòu)搅髁?9.6%,26.6%,60.8%,并有效減緩坡體表面破壞及侵蝕發(fā)育速度。用放水試驗(yàn)?zāi)M無(wú)截排水措施情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)截排水措施能夠有效降低產(chǎn)沙量92.7%,同時(shí)改變了侵蝕發(fā)育的現(xiàn)象,將急劇下切發(fā)育的細(xì)溝侵蝕轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱税l(fā)育較為緩慢的層狀面蝕。從減水減沙的角度,坡頂截排水措施與平臺(tái)反坡措施皆為有效的階梯狀邊坡水土流失防治措施。
[Abstract]:The water and sand effects of different soil and water conservation measures in the new trench ladder slope under rainfall are studied by artificial simulated rainfall experiments in the north of Shaanxi Province. The results show that the extreme weather conditions (120mm/h rain intensity) and the top of the slope have been observed. The regional confluence of the region is the two main condition that leads to the rapid erosion and destruction of the staircase slope. When the slope is only affected by rainfall, the rate of sediment yield is stable when the rain intensity is changed between 60mm/h~90mm/h, and the rate of sediment yield at different rainfall intensity shows a multiplex relationship. There is no obvious difference between the slope erosion and the slope body, and the 120mm/h rain intensity strip is not obvious. At the same time, the rate of sediment yield increased significantly, the erosion development process was obviously changed, and the slope body was destroyed obviously. The steps of the step slope platform can effectively reduce the sediment yield of 60mm/h, 90mm/h and 120mm/h under three kinds of rain intensity, 58.4%, 35.2%, 62.1%, reducing the runoff rate 69.6%, 26.6%, 60.8%, and effectively slowing down the surface damage and erosion development speed of the slope. It is found that the cut and drainage measures can effectively reduce the low sediment yield by 92.7%, and change the phenomenon of erosion development, and change the drastic rill erosion to slow development of layered erosion. From the angle of water reduction and sediment reduction, the measures of the drainage and drainage of the top of the slope are all effective steps. Prevention and control measures of soil and water loss in slope.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計(jì)劃(2013KTDZ03-03-01) 國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015BAC01B03-03) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院“西部之光”人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃(人字(2014)91號(hào)) 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)博士科研啟動(dòng)基金(2013BSJJ082)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉佳鑫;黃土丘陵區(qū)溝道階梯狀邊坡穩(wěn)定性及防蝕機(jī)理研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

，

本文編號(hào)：2003385