本文選題：不同尺度 + 農(nóng)機現(xiàn)狀�。� 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國第十三個五年規(guī)劃中,農(nóng)業(yè)部提出推動農(nóng)機裝備、服務(wù)組織和作業(yè)水平向數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、效益并重轉(zhuǎn)型升級的發(fā)展方向。近幾年我國很多地區(qū)農(nóng)機數(shù)量快速增長,導(dǎo)致的農(nóng)機空駛現(xiàn)象頻發(fā),不僅浪費人力、時間,更增加了作業(yè)成本。雖然科學(xué)合理的跨區(qū)作業(yè)有利于提高農(nóng)機利用率,然而現(xiàn)有的服務(wù)組織大部分還只是針對跨區(qū)機收來提供農(nóng)機作業(yè)所需的基本信息,而且僅僅是對某地區(qū)大體收獲時間和農(nóng)機需求信息的匯總,并沒有詳盡實用的調(diào)配方案。因此,用好存量,調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu),提高農(nóng)機使用效率和效益是目前農(nóng)機發(fā)展的重點。傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)度管理不論在農(nóng)機統(tǒng)計、空間布局方法,還是時空調(diào)度方案的制定,以及調(diào)度指揮的通訊手段等方面,都不能滿足復(fù)雜的農(nóng)機監(jiān)控、管理和調(diào)度的需求。本文采用GIS方法和技術(shù)平臺,從區(qū)域和田塊兩個尺度上深入研究農(nóng)機調(diào)度管理的科學(xué)問題和關(guān)鍵技術(shù),以期在該方向上有所進展,為農(nóng)機調(diào)度管理的信息化和現(xiàn)代化提供方法和技術(shù)案例。首先,在區(qū)域大尺度上,本文以GIS為基礎(chǔ)平臺,采用多種數(shù)理統(tǒng)計模型,根據(jù)歷年的農(nóng)機擁有量、跨區(qū)作業(yè)面積等統(tǒng)計資料,對區(qū)域的農(nóng)機數(shù)量進行了預(yù)測分析,總結(jié)了各地區(qū)農(nóng)機數(shù)量的發(fā)展趨勢,找出了各地區(qū)農(nóng)機種類和數(shù)量空間分布差異格局,發(fā)現(xiàn)了個別地區(qū)的農(nóng)機擁有量飽和現(xiàn)象,從而顯現(xiàn)了通過跨區(qū)作業(yè)來彌補各地區(qū)農(nóng)機的富余與短缺的實際需求。接著,對我國大尺度農(nóng)機跨區(qū)調(diào)度作業(yè)的分類、組織模式和作業(yè)面積進行了歸納、總結(jié),制定了我國小麥、水稻和玉米的跨區(qū)機收“路線圖”,為下一步研究全國跨區(qū)作業(yè)從跨區(qū)機收到跨區(qū)機耕、機播作業(yè),從個體化、零散化走向規(guī)�；I(yè)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化打下基礎(chǔ)。其次,在田塊尺度上,論文應(yīng)用GIS的空間調(diào)度模型方法,選取黑龍江雙山農(nóng)場作為試驗區(qū),深入研究了在一個農(nóng)場不同田塊之間的農(nóng)機調(diào)度關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。第一步,比較和篩選了農(nóng)機內(nèi)部不同管理單元(機務(wù)隊)和田塊尺度上農(nóng)機調(diào)度的各種模型和算法,以發(fā)揮農(nóng)機的最大使用效率;第二步,基于雙山農(nóng)場的農(nóng)田數(shù)據(jù)庫、農(nóng)機和農(nóng)資數(shù)據(jù)庫、全年農(nóng)事活動時間表,提出先分組后定路線的兩階段方案,設(shè)計并研發(fā)了農(nóng)機調(diào)度的最優(yōu)路徑規(guī)劃模型和算法,并依據(jù)上述算法做出具體的“農(nóng)機調(diào)度路線圖”不同方案,供農(nóng)場管理人員選擇。最后,作為田塊尺度的農(nóng)機調(diào)度管理技術(shù)實現(xiàn)的進一步深化,本文完成了農(nóng)機實時監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的各項功能。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)需求信息,結(jié)合本文制定的調(diào)度方案,設(shè)計了監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的整體框架和數(shù)據(jù)庫,并利用衛(wèi)星定位和web開發(fā)技術(shù)完成了基本信息管理、實時監(jiān)控和軌跡回放等功能。為進一步提升農(nóng)機調(diào)度管理的信息化水平和作業(yè)效率打下了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the 13th five-year plan of our country, the Ministry of Agriculture put forward the development direction of promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery equipment, service organization and operation level to quantity, quality and benefit. In recent years, the number of agricultural machinery has increased rapidly in many areas of our country, which leads to frequent empty driving phenomenon of agricultural machinery, which not only wastes manpower and time, but also increases the cost of operation. Although scientific and rational inter-district operations are conducive to improving the utilization rate of agricultural machinery, most of the existing service organizations are only aimed at providing the basic information needed for agricultural machinery operations. Moreover, there is no detailed and practical plan to sum up the general harvest time and agricultural machinery demand information in a certain area. Therefore, it is the focus of agricultural machinery development to make good use of the stock, adjust the structure and improve the efficiency and benefit of agricultural machinery. The traditional agricultural scheduling management can not meet the needs of complex agricultural machinery monitoring, management and scheduling in the aspects of agricultural machinery statistics, spatial layout methods, the formulation of space-time scheduling schemes, and the communication means of scheduling and command. In this paper, using GIS method and technology platform, the scientific problems and key technologies of agricultural machinery scheduling and management are studied from regional and field scale, with a view to making some progress in this direction. It provides methods and technical cases for the informatization and modernization of agricultural machinery dispatching management. First of all, on the regional scale, based on GIS, this paper uses a variety of mathematical statistical models to predict and analyze the number of agricultural machinery in the region according to the statistical data of agricultural machinery ownership and cross-area operation area over the years. This paper summarizes the development trend of agricultural machinery quantity in various regions, finds out the spatial distribution pattern of agricultural machinery types and quantities in different regions, and finds out the saturation phenomenon of agricultural machinery ownership in individual regions. Therefore, the actual demand of surplus and shortage of agricultural machinery in each region is made up by cross-district operation. Then, the classification, organization pattern and area of large-scale agricultural machinery scheduling in China are summarized, and the road map of cross-region machine harvesting of wheat, rice and corn in China is drawn up. It will lay a foundation for the next step in the study of national cross-area operation from inter-area machine to cross-area machine tillage, machine seeding, from individualization, fragmentation to scale, specialization and industrialization. Secondly, in the field scale, the paper uses the spatial scheduling model method of GIS, selects the Heilongjiang Shuangshan Farm as the experimental area, and deeply studies the key technology of agricultural machinery scheduling between different fields of a farm. In the first step, various models and algorithms for agricultural machinery scheduling at the field scale and different management units within agricultural machinery are compared and screened, in order to maximize the efficiency of agricultural machinery; the second step is based on the farmland database of Shuangshan Farm. The database of agricultural machinery and agricultural materials, the schedule of agricultural activities throughout the year, the two-stage scheme of grouping and then routing, the design and development of optimal path planning model and algorithm for agricultural machinery scheduling, According to the above algorithm, different schemes of Agricultural Machinery scheduling Roadmap are made for farm managers to choose. Finally, as a further deepening of agricultural machinery dispatching and management technology, this paper completes the functions of the real-time monitoring system of agricultural machinery. According to the requirement information of the system and the scheduling scheme developed in this paper, the whole framework and database of the monitoring system are designed, and the functions of basic information management, real-time monitoring and track playback are accomplished by using satellite positioning and web development technology. It lays a technical foundation for further improving the information level and operation efficiency of agricultural machinery dispatching management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S127;S232.4

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