本文選題：土壤侵蝕 + 遙感調(diào)查�。� 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以典型喀斯特地區(qū)貴州省為研究區(qū)域,以貴州省2015年GF-1、ZY-1 02C與ZY-3等遙感影像、降雨量數(shù)據(jù)、DEM數(shù)據(jù)、土壤以及地質(zhì)等數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)水利部頒發(fā)的《土壤侵蝕分類分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(SL190-2007)和《巖溶地區(qū)水土流失綜合治理技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(SL461-2009)等標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分別采用遙感調(diào)查(地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)與遙感(RS)技術(shù)相結(jié)合)與RUSLE模型(修正的通用土壤流失方程)這兩種方法對研究區(qū)域2015年土壤侵蝕狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查;從統(tǒng)計(jì)和空間一致性的角度對兩種方法的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比分析,并針對遙感調(diào)查與RUSLE模型的土壤侵蝕成果做出優(yōu)化處理。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)基于遙感調(diào)查的土壤侵蝕調(diào)查結(jié)果:全省土壤侵蝕面積共68199.40km~2,占土地總面積的38.73%。不同土壤侵蝕等級面積及比例分別為:微度侵蝕面積107899.60km~2,占土地總面積的61.27%;輕度侵蝕面積37363.39km~2,占土地總面積的21.22%;中度侵蝕面積15627.99km~2,占土地總面積的8.87%;強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積9612.39km~2,占土地總面積的5.46%;極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積4187.09km~2,占土地總面積的2.38%;劇烈侵蝕面積1408.54km~2,占土地總面積的0.80%。(2)基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蝕調(diào)查結(jié)果:全省土壤侵蝕面積為63971.75km~2,占土地總面積的36.33%。不同等級土壤侵蝕面積及比例分別為:微度侵蝕面積112127.25km~2,占全省總面積的63.67%;輕度侵蝕面積39109.27km~2,占全省總面積的22.21%;中度侵蝕面積16719.53km~2,占全省總面積的9.49%;強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積5575.65km~2,占全省總面積的3.17%;極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積2044.59km~2,占全省總面積的1.16%;劇烈侵蝕面積522.71km~2,占全省總面積的0.30%。(3)基于遙感調(diào)查方法與RUSLE模型的兩套土壤侵蝕結(jié)果的一致性較好。與遙感調(diào)查的結(jié)果相比,RUSLE模型的土壤侵蝕面積減少4227.64km~2,面積比例降低2.40%。微度侵蝕面積增加4227.64km~2,面積比例升高2.40%;輕度侵蝕面積增加1745.88km~2,面積比例升高0.99%;中度侵蝕面積增加1091.55km~2,面積比例升高0.62%;強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積減少4036.75km~2,面積比例降低2.29%;極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積減少2142.49km~2,面積比例降低1.22%;劇烈侵蝕面積減少885.83km~2,面積比例降低0.50%。基于遙感調(diào)查的土壤侵蝕成果數(shù)據(jù)與使用RUSLE模型得到的土壤侵蝕成果數(shù)據(jù)在各個等級的土壤侵蝕面積及比例上呈現(xiàn)相同的特征:侵蝕強(qiáng)度主要以輕度侵蝕與中度侵蝕為主;全省微度侵蝕面積最大,劇烈侵蝕面積最小;土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的各個等級按照面積大小順序排列為微度侵蝕輕度侵蝕中度侵蝕強(qiáng)烈侵蝕極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕,呈現(xiàn)倒金字塔形狀。在貴州省的大部分地區(qū),遙感調(diào)查與RUSLE模型對土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度等級的判斷一致;侵蝕強(qiáng)度等級的判斷不一致的地區(qū)主要集中在貴州省的西部、西南以及北部的部分地區(qū)。(4)采用二分法的方法來對基于遙感調(diào)查與RUSLE模型的貴州省2015年土壤侵蝕結(jié)果做優(yōu)化處理。優(yōu)化處理后的全省土壤侵蝕面積為66156.14km~2,土壤侵蝕發(fā)生率37.57%,高于遙感調(diào)查結(jié)果,低于RUSLE模型。不同等級土壤侵蝕面積及比例分別為:微度侵蝕面積109942.86km~2,占全省總面積的62.43%;輕度侵蝕面積38504.43km~2,占全省總面積的21.87%;中度侵蝕面積18028.73km~2,占全省總面積的10.24%;強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積7523.27km~2,占全省總面積的4.27%;極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積2009.77km~2,占全省總面積的1.14%;劇烈侵蝕面積89.94 km~2,占全省總面積的0.05%。
[Abstract]:Based on the remote sensing images of GF-1, ZY-1 02C and ZY-3 in 2015, rainfall data, DEM data, soil and geology, the paper based on the typical Karst province Guizhou Province, according to the classification standards of soil erosion (SL190-2007) issued by the Ministry of water resources and the technical standard for comprehensive treatment of soil erosion in karst area (SL46 1-2009) the two methods, such as remote sensing survey (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), and RUSLE model (modified general soil loss equation) were used to investigate the soil erosion status in the study area in 2015, and the results of the two methods were compared and analyzed from the point of view of statistical and spatial consistency. The soil erosion results of remote sensing investigation and RUSLE model are optimized. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the results of soil erosion survey based on remote sensing survey: the total soil erosion area of the whole province is 68199.40km~2, and the different soil erosion grade area and proportion of 38.73%. in the total area of the land are as follows: the micro erosion area is 107899.60km~2, which accounts for the total land. The area is 61.27%, the mild erosion area 37363.39km~2 accounts for 21.22% of the total land area, and the medium erosion area is 15627.99km~2, accounting for 8.87% of the total land area; the strong erosion area is 9612.39km~2, accounting for 5.46% of the total land area; the extremely strong erosion area is 4187.09km~2, accounting for 2.38% of the total land surface area; the severe erosion area is 1408.54km~2, accounting for the total land area. 0.80%. (2) soil erosion survey results based on RUSLE model: the soil erosion area of the province is 63971.75km~2, and the soil erosion area and proportion of different grade of 36.33%. in the total area of the land are respectively: the micro erosion area is 112127.25km~2, accounting for 63.67% of the total area of the province, and the mild erosion area is 22.21% of the total area of the province, and the moderate area is 22.21%. The erosion area 16719.53km~2 accounts for 9.49% of the total area of the province, and the strong erosion area is 5575.65km~2, which accounts for 3.17% of the total area of the province, and the extremely strong erosion area is 2044.59km~2, accounting for 1.16% of the total area of the province, and the intensive erosion area 522.71km~2, accounting for 0.30%. (3) of the total area of the province, is based on the two sets of soil erosion results of remote sensing and RUSLE model. Compared with the results of remote sensing, the soil erosion area of the RUSLE model decreased by 4227.64km~2, the area ratio decreased by 2.40%. micro erosion area by 4227.64km~2, the area ratio increased by 2.40%, the area ratio increased by 1745.88km~2, the area ratio increased by 0.99%, the medium erosion area increased by 1091.55km~2, and the area ratio increased by 0.62%. The area of intensive erosion is reduced by 4036.75km~2, the area ratio is reduced by 2.29%, the area of extremely strong erosion is reduced by 2142.49km~2, the area ratio is reduced by 1.22%, the area of severe erosion is reduced by 885.83km~2, and the area ratio is reduced by the data of soil erosion results based on Remote Sensing investigation and the data of soil erosion results obtained by using RUSLE model type based on the remote sensing investigation. The area and proportion of soil erosion show the same characteristics: the main erosion intensity mainly is mild erosion and moderate erosion, the area of micro erosion in the province is the largest, and the area of severe erosion is the smallest. Inverted Pyramid shape. In most areas of Guizhou Province, remote sensing investigation and RUSLE model are consistent with the assessment of soil erosion intensity grade; the areas of inconsistent judgment of erosion intensity grade are mainly concentrated in the western, southwest and northern parts of Guizhou province. (4) the method of two points method is used to study the remote sensing and the model based on the remote sensing. The soil erosion area of Guizhou province in 2015 was optimized. The soil erosion area of the province was 66156.14km~2, the rate of soil erosion was 37.57%, which was higher than that of remote sensing. It was lower than the RUSLE model. The soil erosion area and proportion of different grades were respectively: the micro erosion surface accumulated 109942.86km~2, which accounted for 62.43% of the total area of the province. The erosion area 38504.43km~2 accounts for 21.87% of the total area of the province, and the moderate erosion area is 18028.73km~2, accounting for 10.24% of the total area of the province; the strong erosion area is 7523.27km~2, accounting for 4.27% of the total area of the province; the extremely strong erosion area is 2009.77km~2, accounting for 1.14% of the total area of the province, and the intensive erosion area is 89.94 km~2, accounting for 0.05%. of the total area of the province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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