本文選題：畦灌 + 土壤入滲��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國95%的灌溉面積采用地面灌溉方式。涇惠渠灌區(qū)作為關中九大灌區(qū)之一的大(Ⅱ)型灌區(qū),灌溉方式主要以傳統(tǒng)的地面灌溉為主,灌區(qū)水源工程單一,河源水利用率低,田間工程設施不完善。同時,隨著土壤翻耕措施,灌溉,降雨,農(nóng)作物生長等影響,導致土壤結構改變,土壤水分入滲性能及其田面糙率系數(shù)在年內(nèi)差異顯著,而該灌區(qū)入畦流量在年內(nèi)基本保持不變,從而導致了灌區(qū)灌水技術參數(shù)的不合理性,造成了灌水質(zhì)量評價指標不高,田間水灌溉利用效率低,水分深層滲漏損失嚴重等問題。隨著灌區(qū)水資源供需矛盾日益突出的條件下,研究灌區(qū)畦田節(jié)水灌溉關鍵技術,對建設涇惠渠節(jié)約型生態(tài)灌區(qū)具有重要的意義。本文針對上述問題,利用常用的地面灌溉模擬軟件Win SRFR4.1對該灌區(qū)不同灌水時期土壤入滲參數(shù)、田面綜合糙率系數(shù)等關鍵技術參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化研究;分析了不同灌季土壤入滲參數(shù)及其田面綜合糙率系數(shù)的時間變異程度,模擬研究了時間變異性因子對灌水質(zhì)量評價指標的影響及其在不同灌水季節(jié)的灌水效果;針對不同灌季土壤入滲參數(shù)值及其田面綜合糙率系數(shù)的變異性對該灌區(qū)進行了灌水技術參數(shù)優(yōu)化組合研究。本文的主要研究成果有:(1)通過田間實測水流推進、消退數(shù)據(jù),利用Win SRFR4.1可以較好地模擬優(yōu)化出考斯加科夫土壤入滲模型參數(shù)值,水流推進及消退過程模擬結果與實測結果吻合度較好。基于此,對不同灌水時期的入滲參數(shù)值進行了優(yōu)化求解,考斯加科夫模型入滲系數(shù)值及入滲指數(shù)值平均變化范圍分別在95.0~210.0mm?hr-1和0.42~0.67之間。(2)在夏玉米—冬小麥輪作周期內(nèi),由于農(nóng)耕、灌溉、降雨等因素的影響,耕作層土壤容重存在周期性變化特性,最小值出現(xiàn)在土地深翻冬小麥播種時期為1.15g/cm3,最大值在夏玉米后期為1.35g/cm3,并趨于穩(wěn)定。利用耕作層土壤容重及土壤質(zhì)量含水量與土壤入滲參數(shù)值進行回歸擬合表明,考斯加科夫土壤入滲模型兩參數(shù)值的回歸模型擬合度較好,校正R2值分別為0.846和0.741,由此可以在不同的灌水時期通過測量田間耕作層土壤容重以及土壤質(zhì)量含水率,確定考斯加科夫土壤入滲模型參數(shù)值。(3)對灌區(qū)土壤入滲參數(shù)值及田面綜合糙率系數(shù)進行時間變異性分析表明,不同灌水時期土壤水分入滲模型系數(shù)K、入滲指數(shù)α及田面綜合糙率系數(shù)值n差異性較為顯著,均達到了中等變異程度。通過模擬分析比較土壤水分入滲參數(shù)值及田面糙率系數(shù)對灌水質(zhì)量的影響,表明單個時間變異性因子對灌水效率、灌水均勻度、儲水效率均有較大的影響,在優(yōu)化灌水技術參數(shù)時,不能忽略這些因子的變異性對灌水質(zhì)量的影響。(4)不同灌水時期,土壤水分入滲參數(shù)值及田面糙率系數(shù)的綜合變異性作用對畦灌水流推進、消退過程、土壤受水時間及灌水質(zhì)量評價指標均達到了顯著性的影響�；诖�,利用WinSRFR4.1模型針對不同畦長,不同灌水時期,不同灌水定額條件下,以入畦單寬流量和改水成數(shù)為變量分別進行了灌水技術參數(shù)優(yōu)化組合研究,優(yōu)化結果表明灌水質(zhì)量得到了明顯的提高,灌溉效果達到了較好的效果。
[Abstract]:In China, 95% of the irrigation area is used in the way of ground irrigation. Jinghui irrigation area is one of the big (II) irrigation areas of one of the ninth big irrigation areas in Guanzhong. The irrigation mode is mainly based on the traditional ground irrigation, the water source project of the irrigation area is single, the water utilization rate of Heyuan is low, and the field engineering facilities are not perfect. The effects of growth, such as soil structure change, soil water infiltration performance and field roughness coefficient are significant in year, but the flow rate of the irrigation area is basically unchanged during the year, which leads to the irrationality of irrigation technical parameters in irrigation area, which results in low evaluation index of irrigation quality, low efficiency of irrigation and utilization of field water and deep water. Under the condition that the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more serious in the irrigation area, it is of great significance to study the key technology of water saving irrigation in the border area of irrigation area, which is of great significance to the construction of the economized ecological irrigation area of Jinghui canal. In this paper, the common ground irrigation model software Win SRFR4.1 is used for the different irrigation period in this irrigation area. The key technical parameters such as soil infiltration parameters and field surface roughness coefficient are optimized, and the time variation degree of soil infiltration parameters and field roughness coefficient of different irrigation seasons is analyzed. The influence of time variability factors on the evaluation indexes of irrigation quality and the irrigation effect in different irrigation seasons are simulated and studied. The optimum combination of irrigation technical parameters in this irrigation area is studied in different irrigation season soil infiltration parameters and the variability of soil surface roughness coefficient. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) through field measurement of water flow and regression data, the parameters of Coss Fagafaga Kopf soil infiltration model can be simulated and optimized by Win SRFR4.1. The simulation results of flow propulsion and regression are in good agreement with the measured results. Based on this, the infiltration parameters of different irrigation periods are optimized. The average variation range of Coss Fagafaga Kopf model infiltration system value and infiltration finger value is between 95.0~210.0mm? HR-1 and 0.42~0.67 respectively. (2) in summer maize Winter Wheat rotation week During the period, due to the influence of farming, irrigation and rainfall, the soil bulk density of the tillage layer has a periodic variation. The minimum value is 1.15g/cm3 in the period of land deep turn winter wheat, and the maximum value is 1.35g/cm3 in the late summer of summer corn, and tends to be stable. The regression fitting shows that the regression model of the two parameter regression model of the Coss Fagafaga Kopf soil infiltration model is better, and the corrected R2 values are 0.846 and 0.741 respectively. Thus, the parameters of the koskoff soil infiltration model can be determined by measuring the soil bulk density and the soil mass moisture content in the different irrigation periods. (3) the soil of the irrigation area soil can be determined. The time variability analysis of soil infiltration parameter and field surface roughness coefficient showed that the coefficient of soil water infiltration model was K, infiltration index alpha and field surface roughness system n difference were more significant, and all reached medium variation degree. The simulation analysis compared soil water infiltration parameter and field roughness coefficient. The influence on irrigation quality shows that the single time variation factor has great influence on irrigation efficiency, irrigation uniformity and water storage efficiency. When optimizing irrigation technical parameters, the influence of the variability of these factors on irrigation quality can not be ignored. (4) the comprehensive change of soil water infiltration parameter and field roughness coefficient in different irrigation period. The effect of the heterosexual action on the flow of border irrigation and the regression process, the soil water time and the evaluation index of water quality have reached significant influence. Based on this, the WinSRFR4.1 model is used to carry out the irrigation technical parameters for the different border length, different irrigation period and different irrigation quota, with the wide flow of border and the number of water change as the variables. The optimization results show that the irrigation quality has been significantly improved, and the irrigation effect has achieved good results.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S275;S152.72

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