本文選題：土壤種子庫 + 捐贈種子　； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：冀北山地沙化程度日益嚴重,其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的發(fā)揮受到嚴重制約,植被自然恢復是提高其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的有效途徑。然而,由于該地區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分和水分含量低、土壤種子庫中種子數(shù)量少、物種單一,采用人工造林或封育措施很難實現(xiàn)植被的自然恢復�；诰栀浲寥婪N子庫的植被近自然恢復技術,是以捐贈土壤種子庫為基礎,以提高土壤種子庫種子發(fā)芽、生長能力為目的,以天然種子庫種子收集、種子發(fā)芽與生長基質配比技術,以及發(fā)芽保護等系列技術構成。該技術能夠更大程度的利用相似臨近地域的天然種子庫,使植被的更新演替得到有效保證,又可以實現(xiàn)植被的近自然恢復,確保物種遺傳多樣性。由此可見,該技術可以克服沙化山地土壤種子庫中種子數(shù)量少、水分、養(yǎng)分不足的缺點,從而實現(xiàn)對沙化山地的近自然植被恢復,與人工造林或利用封育措施自然恢復技術相比,具有明顯的優(yōu)越性,應用前景廣闊。因此,本文以冀北沙化山地為研究對象,在了解和掌握植被恢復前沙化山地和捐贈土壤種子庫林地土壤種子庫特征、土壤理化性質及地上植被狀況的基礎上,通過比較土壤種子庫土壤不同收集方式的效率和成本,研究種子發(fā)芽基質中添加木本植物種子種類和比例、保水劑和土壤粘合劑的施用量及防寒措施的必要性,總結土壤種子庫收集技術、種子發(fā)芽基質配比技術和種子發(fā)芽保護技術,并利用此技術對沙化山地進行植被恢復后的效益進行分析,為今后退化山地的植被近自然恢復提供參考和技術支持,主要研究結果如下:1.相對于人工收集方式,機械收集土壤種子庫的效率高、成本低,對林地土層破壞性小。機械收集土壤種子庫的效率為人工收集的8倍,而成本要比人工收集方式低4.8倍。2.添加保水劑后植被生物量和木本植物的數(shù)量均明顯高于未添加保水劑處理,隨著保水劑施用量的增加,植被生物量和木本植物的幼苗數(shù)量顯著增加。當保水劑施用量達到250 kg/m3吸足水的保水劑時,植被生物量和木本植物幼苗的數(shù)量最多,但與施用200 kg/m3保水劑的處理間差異不顯著。表明每m3母土中加入200 Kg吸足水的保水劑就能滿足植物種子萌發(fā)和生長的需要。3.未經(jīng)任何防寒措施處理的幼苗成活率僅為9.6%,經(jīng)過覆土的木本植物幼苗成活率為89%,是無防護措施的9倍。由此可以說明覆土防寒措施的必要性。4.植被恢復后的造林地土壤種子庫物種數(shù)量比恢復前的沙荒地增加11種,以多年生草本植物居多;土壤種子庫間相似性系數(shù)表現(xiàn)為恢復后造林地與恢復前沙荒地相似性系數(shù)為0.32,與捐贈土壤種子庫林地相似性系數(shù)增加到0.44,相似性有所增加。5.恢復后的地上植被中出現(xiàn)2種常綠喬木及多種灌木樹種,并增加了豆科植物,多年生草本以及一二年生草本物種數(shù)量增加明顯;地上植被間相似性系數(shù)表現(xiàn)為恢復后造林地與恢復前沙荒地相似性系數(shù)為0.30,與捐贈土壤種子庫林地相似性系數(shù)增加到0.54。6.恢復后的土壤容重達到良好水平,持水量增加,p H值接近中性,有機質、全N、全P、有效K、堿解N及速效P含量變化趨勢基本一致,都是在0-10cm土壤深度時含量較高,隨著土層深度增加含量有所減少,恢復后造林地較恢復前沙荒地土壤各種養(yǎng)分含量均顯著提高。
[Abstract]:The degree of desertification in the mountainous region of northern Hebei is becoming more and more serious, and the function of its ecosystem is seriously restricted. The natural restoration of vegetation is an effective way to improve the function of its ecosystem. However, because of the low soil nutrient and water content, the number of seeds in the soil seed bank is low and the species is single, it is difficult to achieve planting by artificial afforestation or seal breeding. The natural restoration technology of the vegetation based on the donated soil seed bank is based on the donation of the soil seed bank, in order to improve the seed germination of the soil seed bank, and to improve the growth ability. It is composed of a series of techniques, such as the seed collection of the natural seed bank, the seed germination and the growth matrix ratio technique, and the germination protection. Using natural seed banks with similar adjacent regions to a greater extent, the renewal and succession of vegetation can be effectively guaranteed, and the near natural restoration of vegetation can be realized, and the genetic diversity of species can be ensured. Thus, this technique can overcome the disadvantages of small number of seeds, water and insufficient nutrients in the sandy soil seed bank of the desertification mountain area, thus realizing the desertification of desertification. The restoration of near natural vegetation in the mountain area has obvious advantages and wide application prospects compared with artificial afforestation or natural restoration techniques using seal breeding measures. Therefore, this paper takes the sandy desertification mountains in northern Hebei as the research object, and understands and grasps the characteristics of the soil seed bank of the sandy land and the donated soil seed bank before the vegetation restoration, and the soil physicochemical properties. On the basis of qualitative and aboveground vegetation conditions, by comparing the efficiency and cost of different soil collection methods in soil seed bank, the species and proportion of seeds added to the seed germination matrix, the application amount of water retention agent and soil binder and the necessity of cold prevention measures were studied, and the collection technology of soil seed bank and the ratio of seed germination matrix were summarized. Technology and seed germination protection techniques are used to analyze the benefits of vegetation restoration in sandy mountain areas, and provide reference and technical support for the near natural restoration of vegetation in degraded mountainous areas. The main results are as follows: 1. relative to artificial collection, mechanical collection of soil seed banks has high efficiency, low cost, and forest land. The soil layer is less destructive. The efficiency of the soil seed bank by mechanical collection is 8 times that of the artificial collection, and the cost of the plant is 4.8 times lower than the artificial collection method. The vegetation biomass and the number of woody plants are significantly higher than that of the non added water preserver. With the increase of the dosage of the water retention agent, the biomass of vegetation and the number of the seedlings of woody plants are increased. There was a significant increase in the amount of vegetation biomass and the number of seedlings of woody plants when the dosage of water retention agent reached 250 kg/m3 of foot water, but the difference was not significant with the treatment of the 200 kg/m3 water retention agent. It was indicated that the addition of 200 Kg absorbent water in each M3 mother soil could satisfy the needs of the plant seed germination and growth of.3.. The survival rate of the seedlings treated with no cold measures was only 9.6%, and the survival rate of the seedlings was 89%, which was 9 times as high as that of the non protective measures. Therefore, it could be explained that the necessity of the soil cold proof measures was necessary. The number of species in the soil seed bank after the restoration of.4. vegetation was increased by 11 species in the sandy land before the restoration, with the majority of perennial herbaceous plants. The similarity coefficient between the soil seed banks showed that the similarity coefficient between the reforestation and the pre recovery sand wasteland was 0.32, and the similarity coefficient increased to 0.44 with the donated soil seed bank, and the similarity increased with 2 evergreen trees and a variety of shrub species in the aboveground vegetation after.5. restoration, and increased the leguminous plants and perennial herbs. The number of one or two year old herbaceous species increased obviously. The similarity coefficient between the aboveground vegetation showed that the similarity coefficient between the reforestation and the pre recovery sand wasteland was 0.30. The similarity coefficient of the soil seed bank forestland increased to a good level after the 0.54.6. recovery, the water holding capacity increased, the p H value was close to neutral, organic matter, All N, all P, effective K, alkali solution N and quick acting P content change trend basically consistent, all is in the 0-10cm soil depth content is higher, with the soil depth increase content decreases somewhat, after recovery, the soil nutrient content of the forested land before recovery is significantly increased.
【學位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154

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