發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 08:50

  本文選題：豬糞 + 有機無機肥配施��； 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：養(yǎng)殖廢棄物和化肥配施是提高土壤質(zhì)量、避免環(huán)境污染和促進農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物循環(huán)利用的有效途徑。為探究成都平原稻-麥輪作制下不同比例豬糞和化肥配施下土壤氮素及相關(guān)酶活性的動態(tài)變化,本論文以四川省都江堰市天馬鎮(zhèn)為試驗點,采用田間試驗與室內(nèi)分析、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,研究了小麥和水稻生育期內(nèi)土壤全氮(TN)、銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)、硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N)、可溶性有機氮(SON)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量,以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸還原酶、天門冬酰胺酶活性的動態(tài)變化。田間試驗設(shè)計了不施肥(對照)、純化學(xué)氮肥、10%豬糞氮+90%化肥氮、20%豬糞氮+80%化肥氮、30%豬糞氮+70%化肥氮和純豬糞氮等6個處理。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)有機無機肥配施處理對土壤TN含量的影響在短期內(nèi)不顯著(P＞0.05),但對土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、SON和MBN的含量卻有顯著影響(P0.05)。經(jīng)過一年的稻麥輪作,與不施肥處理相比,豬糞和化肥配施處理下的土壤TN含量無顯著變化,NH4+-N、NO3--N的含量減少,SON和MBN的含量增加,其增幅分別比不施肥處理高17.94-59.95%和16.72-31.16%,比純化學(xué)氮肥處理高2.54-40.83%和8.35-21.55%。說明有機無機肥配施處理相較于不施肥和純化學(xué)氮肥處理更有助于減緩?fù)寥繬H4+-N和NO3--N的損失,而且更有利于提高土壤SON和MBN的含量。其中以20%豬糞氮+80%化肥氮以及30%豬糞氮+70%化肥氮兩個處理的提升效果最佳,其SON的含量增幅分別比不施肥處理高50.62-54.00%和49.11-59.95%,比純化學(xué)氮肥處理高34.89-35.23%和33.72-40.83%,MBN的含量增幅分別比不施肥處理高25.28-31.16%和23.45-26.95%,比純化學(xué)氮肥處理高13.67-21.55%和13.83-15.34%。(2)有機無機肥配施處理能在短期內(nèi)對土壤氮轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性產(chǎn)生顯著影響。經(jīng)過一年的稻麥輪作,除蛋白酶活性略有降低外,脲酶、硝酸還原酶和天門冬酰胺酶活性均有提升,且脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸還原酶和天門冬酰胺酶的活性分別是不施肥處理的1.05-1.47倍、1.04-1.47倍、1.24-2.03倍、1.17-1.82倍,是純化學(xué)氮肥處理的1.03-1.27倍、0.97-1.34倍、1.07-1.41倍、1.03-1.39倍。純豬糞氮處理和三組有機無機肥配施處理下的土壤酶活性在兩種作物的絕大部分生育階段都顯著高于不施肥和純化學(xué)氮肥處理(P0.05),而三組有機無機肥配施處理中又以30%豬糞氮+70%化肥氮處理對4種土壤酶的提升效果最佳,在兩種作物的絕大部分生育階段內(nèi)都顯著高于純豬糞氮、10%豬糞氮+90%化肥氮和20%豬糞氮+80%化肥氮處理。(3)各土壤氮指標之間以及各土壤酶指標之間的相關(guān)性在作物生育期內(nèi)呈明顯的動態(tài)變化,且各指標相關(guān)性在不同土層深度有相似性。兩種無機氮(NH4+-N和NO3--N)及兩種有機氮(SON和MBN)分別與TN在作物生長前、后期呈顯著正相關(guān)；NH4+-N、NO3--N與SON、MBN在作物生長后期顯示出一定的顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)；在作物生育期內(nèi),NH4+-N和NO3-N、SON和MBN呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05),說明土壤氮素各指標之間、土壤氮轉(zhuǎn)化酶指標之間有強烈的相互指示性。除極個別的情況外,土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸還原酶和天門冬酰胺酶顯示出兩兩之間在作物生育期各階段均呈現(xiàn)顯著(P0.05)甚至極顯著(P0.01)的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,說明土壤氮轉(zhuǎn)化酶可作為土壤氮素變化的最敏感性指標。(4)土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸還原酶和天門冬酰胺酶與土壤氮素的轉(zhuǎn)化過程密切相關(guān),土壤氮及氮轉(zhuǎn)化酶間的相關(guān)性在作物生育期內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)明顯的動態(tài)變化,且在不同深度的土層中表現(xiàn)出類似的相關(guān)性。土壤TN在作物生長中后期與4種土壤酶呈顯著(P0.05)甚至極顯著(P0.01)正相關(guān),表明土壤TN能反映農(nóng)田土壤酶在作物生長中后期的變化；而土壤SON和MBN與4種土壤酶幾乎在作物生育期各階段均呈現(xiàn)出極顯著正相關(guān)性(P0.01),表明它們是最能反映土壤酶的活性及其動態(tài)變化的敏感性指標。(5)有機無機肥配施處理相較于單施化肥和單施有機肥的處理相比,更有助于提高小麥和水稻兩種農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量。且有機無機肥配施處理中以30%豬糞氮+70%化肥氮這一處理對農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的提升能力為最佳。
[Abstract]:It is an effective way to improve soil quality, avoid environmental pollution and promote the recycling of agricultural waste. In order to explore the dynamic changes of soil nitrogen and related enzyme activities under different proportions of pig manure and chemical fertilizer under the system of rice wheat rotation in Chengdu plain, this paper takes Tianma Town, Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province as the test point. The dynamic changes of soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), soluble organic nitrogen (SON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in the growth period of wheat and rice, and the dynamic changes of soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase and asparaginase activity in the wheat and rice growth period were studied in the field experiment. No fertilizer (control), pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer, 10% pig manure nitrogen +90% fertilizer nitrogen, 20% pig manure nitrogen +80% fertilizer nitrogen, 30% pig manure nitrogen +70% fertilizer nitrogen and pure pig manure nitrogen, and other 6 treatments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application treatment on soil TN content is not significant (P > 0.05) in the short term (P > 0.05), but the content of NO3--N, SON and MBN in soil NH4+-N Significant influence (P0.05). After one year's rice and wheat rotation, there was no significant change in soil TN content of pig manure and fertilizer treatment, NH4+-N, NO3--N content decreased, SON and MBN content increased, and the increase of SON and MBN was higher than that of no fertilizer treatment 17.94-59.95% and 16.72-31.16%, higher than pure chemical nitrogen treatment, and 8.35 higher than pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatment. -21.55%. shows that organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment is more conducive to slow down the loss of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N, and to improve the content of soil SON and MBN. The improvement effect of 20% pig manure nitrogen, +80% fertilizer nitrogen and 30% pig manure nitrogen and +70% fertilizer nitrogen two treatments is the best, and the content of SON is increased. The amplitude of 50.62-54.00% and 49.11-59.95% was higher than that of non fertilizer treatment, and higher 34.89-35.23% and 33.72-40.83% than pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The increase of MBN content was higher than that of 25.28-31.16% and 23.45-26.95%, respectively. The combination of high 13.67-21.55% and 13.83-15.34%. (2) organic inorganic fertilizer treated with pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatment could be used for soil nitrogen in the short term. After one year's rice wheat rotation, the activities of urease, nitrate reductase and asparaginase were improved, and the activities of urease, protease, nitrate reductase and asparaginase were 1.05-1.47 times, 1.04-1.47 times, 1.24-2.03 times, 1.17-1.82, respectively, respectively. It was 1.03-1.27 times, 0.97-1.34 times, 1.07-1.41 times, and 1.03-1.39 times of pure chemical nitrogen treatment. The soil enzyme activity of pure pig manure nitrogen treatment and three groups of organic and inorganic fertilizers was significantly higher than that of non fertilization and pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer (P0.05) in most of the fertility stages of the two crops, while the three groups of organic and inorganic fertilizer were treated again. The effect of 30% pig manure nitrogen +70% fertilizer nitrogen treatment on 4 soil enzymes was the best, in most of the growth stages of two crops were significantly higher than pure pig manure nitrogen, 10% pig manure nitrogen and nitrogen +90% fertilizer nitrogen and 20% pig manure nitrogen +80% fertilizer nitrogen treatment. (3) the correlation between soil nitrogen indicators and soil enzyme indicators in crop growth period Two kinds of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) and two kinds of organic nitrogen (SON and MBN) were positively correlated with TN before the growth of crops, respectively, and NH4+-N, NO3--N and SON, MBN showed a significant positive correlation (P0.05) in the late growth of crops (P0.05). During the growth period, NH4+-N and NO3-N, SON and MBN showed significant positive correlation (P0.05). It showed that there was a strong mutual indicator between soil nitrogen indexes and soil nitrogen invertase indicators. Except for a very few cases, soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase and asparaginase showed 22 in all stages of crop growth. The positive correlation of (P0.05) and even extremely significant (P0.01) indicates that soil nitrogen invertase can be the most sensitive index of soil nitrogen change. (4) soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase and asparaginase are closely related to the transformation process of soil nitrogen, and the correlation between soil nitrogen and nitrogen invertase is evident during the crop growth period. The soil TN showed significant (P0.05) and even very significant (P0.01) positive correlation with 4 soil enzymes in the late stage of crop growth, indicating that soil TN could reflect the change of soil enzyme in the middle and late growth of crop growth, while soil SON and MBN and 4 soil enzymes were almost in crop growth. Each stage showed a very significant positive correlation (P0.01), indicating that they were the most sensitive indexes to reflect the activity of soil enzyme and its dynamic changes. (5) compared with the treatment of single fertilizer and single application of organic fertilizer, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer was more helpful to improve the yield of two kinds of wheat and rice, and the organic and inorganic fertilizer. In addition, 30% pig manure nitrogen +70% fertilizer nitrogen had the best ability to increase crop yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S153;S154.2

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