本文選題：HCHs + 硫丹��； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：持久性有機(jī)污染物(POPs)由于高毒性、持久性、生物蓄積性和半揮發(fā)性,并且能夠在全球范圍內(nèi)傳輸和分布,近幾十年以來受到了人們的高度關(guān)注,POPs污染已成為影響人類生存與健康的重大環(huán)境問題。隨著《關(guān)于持久性有機(jī)污染物的斯德哥爾摩》的生效,許多包括有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥在內(nèi)的化學(xué)品POPs已在全球范圍內(nèi)禁止生產(chǎn)和使用,而殺蟲劑類POPs生產(chǎn)企業(yè)也成為了潛在的POPs污染高風(fēng)險區(qū)。公約首批受控的殺蟲劑類POPs共有9種,2009年和2011年分別又有六六六(HCHs)、硫丹等POPs成為公約受控的物質(zhì)。然而,目前對這些新增殺蟲劑類POPs污染場地及其周邊環(huán)境介質(zhì)中農(nóng)藥殘留的調(diào)查研究十分有限,無法全面系統(tǒng)地評估其環(huán)境風(fēng)險。開展殺蟲劑類POPs污染場地及其周邊環(huán)境介質(zhì)以及生物體中殺蟲劑類POPs的累積特征和殘留機(jī)制,對于準(zhǔn)確評估殺蟲劑類污染場地的健康風(fēng)險、開展場地修復(fù)與管理以及保障城市環(huán)境具有重要意義。本研究以HCHs和硫丹2個典型新增殺蟲劑類POPs污染場地為研究對象,對場地及其周邊的土壤、大氣、地下水等環(huán)境介質(zhì)和植物中的HCHs和硫丹殘留水平、空間分布特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地研究,并進(jìn)一步對污染場地及其周邊開展了健康風(fēng)險評估研究。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)六六六(HCHs)污染場地廠區(qū)表層土壤中ΣHCHs(α-,β-,γ-,δ-HCH之和)的濃度范圍為2.0~148.5 mg/kg,剖面土壤中ΣHCHs含量為0.05~21.27mg/kg,4種異構(gòu)體α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH的檢出率均為100%。剖面垂直方向上,土壤中ΣHCHs在地下1m深度范圍內(nèi)濃度較高,并呈現(xiàn)不均勻分布;當(dāng)土壤深度超過1m時,土壤中ΣHCHs含量迅速降低,穩(wěn)定在較低水平。廠區(qū)大氣中HCHs濃度為10.2~132.8 ng/m3,尤其在廢物存儲區(qū)域附近的大氣中HCHs濃度高達(dá)132.8 ng/m3。廠區(qū)地下水中ΣHCHs濃度為1.4~2.6μg/L。廠區(qū)內(nèi)的植物中也檢測出了HCHs殘留,植物中ΣHCHs濃度范圍為24.6~520.7 ng/g d.w.,濃度較高。通過對HCHs組成的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)污染場地環(huán)境介質(zhì)中HCHs來源于歷史生產(chǎn)。(2)六六六(HCHs)污染場地周邊表層土壤中ΣHCHs的濃度為46~665 ng/g,4種異構(gòu)體α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH的檢出率均為100%。周邊土壤中HCHs的含量在1.0km范圍內(nèi)隨距離增加呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢,在距離廠區(qū)2.0km范圍,土壤中HCHs的濃度出現(xiàn)了峰值,之后隨著距離的增加濃度迅速降低。大氣中ΣHCHs含量范圍為1.52~13.79 ng/m3,且HCHs含量隨著距離廠區(qū)的遠(yuǎn)近呈現(xiàn)波動趨勢,在距離廠區(qū)2.0km范圍內(nèi)較高,之后緩慢下降,同周邊土壤中HCHs變化趨勢一致,經(jīng)過對HCHs組成分析,土壤與大氣中HCHs殘留主要來自于歷史生產(chǎn)。周邊蔬菜樣品中四種異構(gòu)體的檢測率是100%,且其ΣHCHs濃度范圍為3.71~85.1 ng/g f.w.,豇豆中ΣHCHs含量超出了我國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB2763-2014)的最大限量。周邊環(huán)境介質(zhì)中HCHs組成分析表明HCHs殘留主要來源于歷史生產(chǎn)。(3)硫丹污染場地表層土壤中,在硫丹乳油車間附近硫丹的濃度較高,為47.6mg/kg,其他點(diǎn)位硫丹濃度范圍為0.09~2.85 mg/kg,剖面土壤中硫丹濃度為0.01~114 mg/kg。廠區(qū)內(nèi)大氣中硫丹的濃度范圍為4.8~289.1 ng/m3,且通過計算Fα-endo值(Fα-endo=α-硫丹/(α-硫丹+β-硫丹)),發(fā)現(xiàn)大氣中硫丹在環(huán)境中的降解程度很小。地下水中的硫丹的含量很低,9.92~12.6 ng/L。廠區(qū)植物中硫丹檢出率為100%,濃度范圍為4.15~25.3 ng/g d.w.,且硫丹硫酸鹽占主要比例。(4)硫丹污染場地周邊表層土壤中硫丹含量范圍為1.37~53.57 ng/g,同一距離,從廠區(qū)上風(fēng)向到下風(fēng)向,硫丹濃度表現(xiàn)為上風(fēng)向濃度低,向下風(fēng)向濃度逐漸升高,隨著距離的增加,濃度降低,在距離廠區(qū)2.0km是出現(xiàn)波動峰值。周邊大氣中硫丹的含量范圍為0.89~10.36 ng/m3,隨著廠區(qū)距離的增加,大氣中硫丹含量呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢,并在距離廠區(qū)2.0km的大氣中硫丹濃度最高達(dá)到10.36ng/m3。周邊代表性的農(nóng)作物(小麥、桑葉和油菜)硫丹的檢出率為100%,隨著距離廠區(qū)的距離越遠(yuǎn),其中硫丹含量降低。(5)風(fēng)險評估研究表明,六六六(HCHs)污染場地內(nèi)HCHs致癌風(fēng)險普遍較高,超出了我國污染場地可接受致癌水平(10-6),危害指數(shù)均小于1;周邊致癌風(fēng)險在可接受水平之內(nèi),但依然有2個點(diǎn)位致癌風(fēng)險超標(biāo),危害指數(shù)均小于1。硫丹污染場地廠區(qū)內(nèi)乳劑車間的危害指數(shù)超過了1,其他地方符合要求,周邊硫丹危害指數(shù)符合要求。通過對周邊成人和兒童風(fēng)險的計算,發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童作為較敏感的人群,致癌風(fēng)險與危害指數(shù)均高于成人。
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are highly toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and semi volatile, can be transmitted and distributed globally, and have attracted great attention in recent decades. POPs pollution has become a major environmental problem affecting human survival and health. In effect, many POPs chemicals, including organochlorine pesticides, have been banned from production and use worldwide, and pesticide POPs production enterprises have also become a potential high-risk area for POPs pollution. The first batch of controlled POPs insecticides of the Convention have 9 kinds, 666 (HCHs) in 2009 and 2011, and POPs as endosulfan as public. However, the current investigation of pesticide residues in these new insecticide POPs contaminated sites and their surrounding environmental media is very limited, and the environmental risks are not systematically assessed. The cumulative characteristics and residues of insecticide POPs in the pesticide POPs contaminated sites and its surrounding environment and the organisms in the organisms are also carried out. The retention mechanism is of great significance to accurately assess the health risks of insecticide contaminated sites, to carry out site remediation and management and to guarantee the urban environment. This study takes HCHs and endosulfan 2 typical new pesticides POPs contaminated sites as the research object, and the soil, atmosphere, groundwater and other environmental media and plants on the site and its surrounding areas. The residual levels of HCHs and endosulfan were systematically studied and the health risk assessment of the contaminated sites and its surrounding areas was further studied. The results showed that: (1) the concentration range of sigma HCHs (alpha, beta, gamma, Delta -HCH) in the surface soil of the 666 (HCHs) contaminated site is 2.0~148.5 mg/kg, and the sigma H in the soil profile The content of CHs is 0.05~21.27mg/kg, the detection rate of 4 isomers alpha -HCH, beta -HCH, gamma -HCH, and delta -HCH are all vertical in the 100%. section. The concentration of the sigma HCHs in the soil is high in the 1m depth range, and presents an uneven distribution. When the soil depth exceeds 1m, the Sigma HCHs content in the soil decreases rapidly and is stable at a lower level. In the atmosphere of the plant, HCHs concentration in the atmosphere is strong. The degree is 10.2~132.8 ng/m3, especially in the atmosphere near the storage area of the waste storage area, the concentration of HCHs in the 132.8 ng/m3. area of the plant has also been detected in the 1.4~2.6 mu g/L. plant. The concentration range of the sigma HCHs is 24.6~520.7 ng/g D.W., and the concentration is high. In the environment medium, HCHs is derived from historical production. (2) the concentration of sigma HCHs in the surface soil around the 666 (HCHs) contaminated site is 46~665 ng/g, 4 isomers, alpha -HCH, beta -HCH, gamma -HCH, and delta -HCH are all HCHs in the vicinity of 100%.. The concentration of HCHs in the soil has a peak value, and then decreases rapidly with the increase of distance. The content range of the sigma HCHs in the atmosphere is 1.52~13.79 ng/m3, and the HCHs content fluctuates with the distance from the factory area, which is higher in the range of 2.0KM range from the factory area, and then slowly decreases, which is consistent with the trend of HCHs in the surrounding soil and passes through the HCHs group. HCHs residues in soil and atmosphere mainly come from the historical production. The detection rate of four isomers in the surrounding vegetable samples is 100%, and the concentration range of the sigma HCHs is 3.71~85.1 ng/g F.W.. The content of sigma HCHs in the cowpea is beyond the maximum limit of our national standard (GB2763-2014). The analysis of HCHs composition in the surrounding environmental media shows that the HCHs residue is the main residue. (3) in the surface soil of the endosulfan contaminated site, the concentration of endosulfan near the endosulfan oil workshop is higher, 47.6mg/kg, and the concentration range of other points is 0.09~2.85 mg/kg. The concentration of endosulfan in the profile soil is 4.8~289.1 ng/m3 in the atmosphere of 0.01~114 mg/kg. plant, and the F a -endo value is calculated by calculating the F alpha -endo value. (F alpha -endo= alpha endosulfan / (alpha endosulfan + beta disulfide)), it is found that the degree of endosulfan degradation in the atmosphere is very small. The content of endosulfan in groundwater is very low. The detection rate of endosulfan in plants of 9.92~12.6 ng/L. plant is 100%, and the concentration range is 4.15~25.3 ng/g D.W., and endosulfan sulphate is the main proportion. (4) endosulfan contaminated surface soil around the site of endosulfan. The content range of endosulfan is 1.37~53.57 ng/g, at the same distance, from the wind direction to the downward wind direction from the factory area, the concentration of endosulfan is low in the upward wind direction and the downward wind direction is increasing gradually. With the increase of distance, the concentration is reduced, and the peak of the fluctuation in the distance from the factory area is 2.0KM. The content range of endosulfan in the surrounding atmosphere is 0.89~10.36 ng/m3, along with the factory area. The content of endosulfan in the atmosphere increased first and then decreased, and the rate of endosulfan in the atmosphere of 2.0KM from the factory area was up to 10.36ng/m3., and the detection rate of endosulfan was 100%. As far away from the distance from the factory area, the content of endosulfan was reduced. (5) the risk assessment study The results showed that the risk of carcinogenesis of HCHs in the 666 (HCHs) contaminated site was generally high, which exceeded the level of carcinogenic level (10-6) in the polluted site in China (10-6), the hazard index was less than 1, and the risk of peripheral carcinogenesis was within acceptable level, but the risk of carcinogenesis still exceeded the standard, and the hazard index was less than the harm of the emulsion workshop in the factory area of 1. endosulfan contaminated site. The index was over 1, other places met the requirements, and the perimeter endosulfan hazard index met the requirements. By calculating the risk of peripheral adults and children, children were found to be more sensitive people, and the risk of carcinogenesis and risk index were higher than those of adults.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X592

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