本文選題：玉米秸稈 + 立體還田機(jī)　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物秸稈作為糧食生產(chǎn)中主要的副產(chǎn)品,隨著我國糧食產(chǎn)量的日益增長,每年的生產(chǎn)量也逐漸增加。目前我國對秸稈資源的利用率較低,被焚燒、廢棄的秸稈數(shù)量較大,不僅造成資源浪費,還對我們賴以生存的生活環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了不良影響。采用秸稈還田的方法處理秸稈既能解決上述問題,又能提高土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、改良土壤的物理性狀、提高土壤肥力、改善土壤中微量元素比例失衡的狀況。是保持農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn),保證農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要途徑之一。玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī)一次作業(yè)需同時完成秸稈深施還田與土壤深松作業(yè),并要求將秸稈深施于地表25cm以下的土壤之中。本文結(jié)合已有的成熟技術(shù)和農(nóng)藝與農(nóng)機(jī)方面的相關(guān)要求,完成了玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī)的設(shè)計,并對其關(guān)鍵部件深施鏟進(jìn)行了試驗研究,確定了玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī)的主要參數(shù)。該玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī),工作幅寬為2.1m(3壟),可與80~100hp的拖拉機(jī)匹配進(jìn)行工作,還田機(jī)與拖拉機(jī)懸掛聯(lián)接,整機(jī)牽引力和深施裝置的動力由拖拉機(jī)提供。工作時,還田機(jī)伴隨著拖拉機(jī)行走,深施鏟在土壤深層形成鼠道;通過秸稈深施裝置將秸稈輸送至深施鏟所形成的鼠道中。深施鏟作為玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī)的主要工作部件,是玉米秸稈立體還田機(jī)的主要耗能部件,其結(jié)構(gòu)對其工作時的牽引阻力有顯著的影響,本文運用三面楔力學(xué)理論,對工作時,深施鏟切割土壤產(chǎn)生的阻力1F、深施鏟剪切破壞土壤及其與土壤的摩擦阻力2F、深施鏟帶動土壤破碎的阻力3F進(jìn)行了分析,確定了合理的深施鏟鏟形。采用三因素三水平響應(yīng)曲面法,就深施鏟的工作參數(shù):深施鏟入土深度、土壤密度和深施鏟鏟寬,對深施鏟行進(jìn)阻力的影響進(jìn)行了試驗研究。通過回歸模型的方差分析,得到各因素對深施鏟行進(jìn)阻力的影響程度依次為:深施鏟入土深度深施鏟鏟寬土壤密度;深施鏟行進(jìn)阻力隨深施鏟入土深度、土壤密度和深施鏟鏟寬的增加而增大。運用EDEM軟件對深施鏟的工作過程進(jìn)行仿真分析,并利用三因素五水平響應(yīng)曲面法對深施鏟鏟形進(jìn)行了仿真優(yōu)化,研究深施鏟鏟寬、深施鏟排土角和深施鏟切土角對深施鏟行進(jìn)阻力的影響,通過回歸模型的方差分析得到各因素對深施鏟行進(jìn)阻力的影響程度依次為:深施鏟鏟寬深施鏟切土角深施鏟排土角。確定了深施鏟的最優(yōu)鏟形的參數(shù),深施鏟切土角為36~38?之間,深施鏟排土角為42?,深施鏟鏟寬為51mm。進(jìn)一步將不同試驗條件下試驗所得行進(jìn)阻力與仿真所得行進(jìn)阻力進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明,仿真數(shù)據(jù)的整體趨勢與試驗數(shù)據(jù)的整體趨勢相同,誤差為9.65%~18.70%,可以認(rèn)為采用離散元法對深施鏟的工作過程進(jìn)行仿真分析所得到的試驗結(jié)果具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:As the main by-product of grain production, crop straw is increasing with the increase of grain production in China, and the production volume is increasing every year. At present, the utilization rate of straw resources is low in our country, and the number of waste straw is large, which not only causes waste of resources, but also has adverse effects on the living environment of our country. Straw returning can not only solve the problem, but also improve the content of organic matter in the soil, improve the physical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility and improve the imbalance of the proportion of trace elements in the soil. It is one of the important ways to maintain the stable yield and high yield of the agricultural production and ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural industry. At the same time, the straw returning machine should be carried out at the same time with the deep application of the straw to the soil and the soil deep loosening, and the straw is required to be applied in the soil below 25cm on the ground. The main parameters of the corn straw returning machine are determined. The corn straw stereo returning machine, the working width of 2.1m (3 ridge), can be matched with the 80~100hp tractor, the returning machine is connected with the tractor suspension, the traction force and the driving force of the whole machine are provided by the towing machine. Deep soil spade formed rat road in deep soil; the straw was transported to the rat path by deep straw application. The deep spade was the main working part of the corn straw returning machine. It was the main energy consuming component of the corn straw returning machine. The structure had a significant influence on the traction resistance of the corn straw returning machine. This paper used three The mechanical theory of surface wedge is used to analyze the resistance 1F produced by the deep cutting soil, the soil and its friction resistance 2F, and the resistance 3F to the soil breakage by deep spade cutting, and the reasonable deep shovel shape is determined. Three factors and three horizontal response surface method are used to study the working parameters of the deep spade. Soil depth, soil density and depth of deep shovel have been tested. Through the analysis of variance analysis of regression model, the influence degree of various factors on depth of penetration resistance in depth is the depth of soil density in deep shovel depth and depth of deep spade penetration, soil density and soil density. The EDEM software is used to simulate the working process of the deep spade, and the three factors and five level response surface method are used to simulate and optimize the deep spade shovel shape. The influence of deep spade spade width, deep spade shovel angle and deep soil angle on the penetration resistance of deep spade is studied, and the regression model is used. The variance analysis shows that the influence degree of various factors on the penetration resistance of deep spade shovel is as follows: deep spade shovel cutting soil angle in depth spade soil angle. The optimum shovel parameters of deep spade are determined, deep spade cutting soil angle is 36~38? Deep spade soil angle is 42? Deep spade spade width is 51mm. further under different test conditions. The results show that the overall trend of the simulation data is the same as the overall trend of the experimental data, and the error is 9.65%~18.70%. It can be considered that the discrete element method has a certain reference value to the experimental results obtained by the simulation analysis of the working process of the deep spade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S224.29

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