本文選題：工程堆積體 + 植物籬　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生產(chǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目在施工及生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量工程堆積體,而堆積體的土壤侵蝕模數(shù)遠(yuǎn)高于自然坡面,極易產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的水土流失,為探索工程堆積體水土保持的有效措施,本研究利用寬5m,長(zhǎng)20m的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)徑流小區(qū),通過(guò)野外模擬徑流試驗(yàn),在24°、28°、32°三種坡度下,采用35L/min、45 L/min、55L/min三種放水流量,研究了工程堆積體坡面應(yīng)用植物籬措施后的侵蝕過(guò)程、減流減沙效益及其侵蝕動(dòng)力機(jī)理,并分析了其控蝕能力的時(shí)序變化。得到了以下結(jié)論:(1)對(duì)照小區(qū)和植物籬小區(qū)的產(chǎn)流量、產(chǎn)沙量都隨著小區(qū)坡度和放水流量的增加而增大,植物籬可以有效減少?gòu)搅髁亢颓治g量:①減流效益介于4%~40%之間,并隨著小區(qū)坡度的增加而增大,但與徑流流量不是簡(jiǎn)單的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,隨著流量的增加先增大后減小。②減沙效益介于15%~45%之間,隨著坡度和放水流量的增加而減小。(2)對(duì)照小區(qū)和植物籬小區(qū)的產(chǎn)流率、產(chǎn)沙率均隨坡度和放水流量的增加而增大;隨沖刷歷時(shí)的推移,產(chǎn)流率在前期迅速增大而后趨于平穩(wěn),產(chǎn)沙率在前期快速上升,之后明顯下降,在大流量(45、55L/min)下,沖刷末段超過(guò)了初始時(shí)段;植物籬小區(qū)的產(chǎn)流率小于對(duì)照小區(qū),且植物籬小區(qū)的產(chǎn)流時(shí)刻比對(duì)照小區(qū)要滯后2~10min,沖刷后期二者的產(chǎn)沙率逐漸接近甚至前者超過(guò)后者。(3)對(duì)照小區(qū)和植物籬小區(qū)的細(xì)溝侵蝕量在區(qū)段1(0~6m)內(nèi)所占比例最高(≥40%),隨著坡度增加,坡面上部(0~10m)溝蝕量所占的比例呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),隨著流量的增加,坡面下部(10~20m)所占的比例隨之增大,細(xì)溝向下發(fā)育的更加完善。植物籬對(duì)坡面下部防護(hù)作用較好,將細(xì)溝侵蝕限制在上部坡面,且對(duì)24°和32°坡面的溝蝕分布影響較大。(4)隨著放水流量和坡度的增加,對(duì)照小區(qū)侵蝕泥沙中砂粒的含量逐漸增加,黏粒含量減少;相對(duì)于對(duì)照小區(qū),植物籬可以減弱侵蝕過(guò)程中徑流對(duì)砂粒的剝蝕和搬運(yùn);分形維數(shù)可以作為植物籬對(duì)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙中泥沙顆粒粒級(jí)分布的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。(5)植物籬將坡面剝蝕率從3~10g·m-2·s-1降低到1.5~8g·m-2·s-1,剪切力從4~8N·m-2降低到2.5~6N·m-2,將臨界剪切力和臨界功率分別提高了0.25倍和5倍,植物籬通過(guò)降低坡面徑流能量,削弱徑流侵蝕動(dòng)力,提高坡面的抗侵蝕能力,減小了水流對(duì)坡面的剝蝕程度。(6)植物籬的控蝕能力隨著徑流沖刷歷時(shí)的延長(zhǎng)存在臨界值,二者之間可用二次函數(shù)進(jìn)行較好擬合,累積減沙量的最大值出現(xiàn)在沖刷歷時(shí)26min之后,且隨坡度和流量的增加而提前;徑流含沙量的時(shí)序變化是植物籬控蝕能力存在時(shí)間限制的直接原因;分析實(shí)際含沙量與徑流挾沙能力變化可以發(fā)現(xiàn)植物籬與坡面徑流輸沙的源~匯關(guān)系,是控蝕能力存在臨界值的深層原因。
[Abstract]:In the process of construction and production, a large amount of Engineering accumulation will be produced in the process of construction and production, and the soil erosion modulus of accumulation is far higher than that of the natural slope. It is very easy to produce serious soil erosion. In order to explore the effective measures for soil and water conservation of the engineering accumulation body, this study uses a standard runoff plot with wide 5M and long 20m, through field simulated runoff test, Under the 24 degrees, 28 degrees and 32 degrees three kinds of slope, 35L/min, 45 L/min and 55L/min three kinds of discharge flow were used to study the erosion process, the benefit of sediment reduction and erosion dynamic mechanism after the application of hedgerow measures on the slope surface of the engineering accumulation body, and the time series of its erosion control ability were analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the production of the control area and the plant hedgerow district. The flow rate and sediment yield increase with the increase of slope and discharge flow, and the hedgerow can effectively reduce the runoff and erosion. (1) the benefit of the dewatering is between 4%~40%, and increases with the increase of the slope of the plot, but it is not a simple positive correlation with the runoff flow, and it increases first and then decreases with the increase of the flow rate. Between 15%~45%, with the increase of slope and discharge flow, (2) the yield rate of the control area and the hedgerow area increased with the increase of the slope and the discharge flow, and the rate of yield increased rapidly in the early stage and then tended to smooth with the passing of the scour. In 45,55L/min, the last section of the scour was more than the initial period; the yield rate of the hedgerow plot was less than the control area, and the flow time of the hedgerow plot was 2~10min lagged behind the control area, and the rate of sediment yield of the two late scour was closer to the former than the latter. (3) the rill erosion of the control area and the hedgerow area was 1 (0~6 M) has the highest proportion (> 40%). With the increase of the slope, the proportion of the upper (0~10m) gully erosion is increasing first and then decreasing, with the increase of the flow rate, the proportion of the lower part of the slope (10~20m) increases and the rill is more perfect downward. The hedge against the lower slope is better, and the rill erosion is limited to the rill erosion. On the upper slope, the distribution of gully erosion in the 24 and 32 degrees slope has great influence. (4) with the increase of the discharge flow and the slope, the content of sand grains in the erosion sediment in the control area is increased gradually and the content of the clay particles is reduced. The hedge can weaken the erosion and transport of the sand grains in the erosion process. (5) the hedgerow reduced the erosion rate from 3~10g. M-2. S-1 to 1.5~8g. M-2. S-1. The shear force decreased from 4~8N. M-2 to 2.5~6N m-2. The critical shear force and critical power were increased by 0.25 times and 5 times respectively. The hedgerow reduced the runoff energy and weakened the runoff invasion by reducing the runoff energy. Erosion power, increase the erosion resistance of slope and reduce the erosion degree of water flow to slope. (6) the control ability of hedgerow has a critical value along with the extension of runoff scouring, and the two can be fitted well with two functions. The maximum amount of cumulative sediment reduction occurs after the scouring period of 26min, with the increase of slope and flow. In advance, the temporal variation of runoff sediment concentration is the direct reason for the time limit of the hedgerow control erosion ability. The analysis of the actual sediment concentration and the change of sediment carrying capacity can find the source and sink relationship between the hedgerow and the runoff sediment transport, which is the deep reason for the critical value of the erosion control ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 何凡;王向東;尹婧;朱畢生;解剛;;公路取棄土場(chǎng)土壤侵蝕特點(diǎn)以及其生態(tài)修復(fù)對(duì)策——以銀武路同心至固原段為例[A];全國(guó)水土保持生態(tài)修復(fù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

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本文編號(hào)：1960960