本文選題：河南 + 砂姜黑土��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤資源是人類賴以生存的最基本和最重要的自然資源,土壤的基本性質(zhì)是評(píng)價(jià)土壤肥力的重要指標(biāo),影響作物生產(chǎn)水平,而重金屬風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)關(guān)系著土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量安全。本文在室外采集與室內(nèi)分析測(cè)定的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)河南省砂姜黑土基本性質(zhì)的時(shí)空變化及其重金屬風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)河南省土壤資源及農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。研究結(jié)論如下：(1)研究區(qū)砂姜黑土表層質(zhì)地以粉砂壤土為主,表層pH平均值由7.8下降至6.9,變異系數(shù)最小,為14.2%；有機(jī)質(zhì)平均含量由12.60 g/kg上升至13.11g/kg; CEC的平均值為21.96 cmol/kg,相比1979年下降了1.13 cmol/kg,降低了4.9%,下降幅度相比較小,變異系數(shù)為39.8%；有效磷平均值由1979年的4.8 mg/kg上升到2012年的33.6 mg/kg,變異系數(shù)最高,為71.2%；全氮含量2012年平均值為1.20 g/kg,較1979年含量升高；速效鉀含量由139.1 mg/kg上升至190.4 mg/kg,增加了51.3 mg/kg,變異系數(shù)為44.8%。產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因基本歸結(jié)為自然因素和人為因素,人為因素主要包括土地管理方式的改變、秸稈還田、肥料施用等。(2)砂姜黑土不同地區(qū)表層土壤pH值與全氮含量相近；表層土壤CEC含量除周口外,駐馬店、許昌、南陽(yáng)基本一致；有機(jī)質(zhì)含量變化差異較大,從8.9g/kg到24.3g/kg不等；有效磷、速效鉀含量最大值分別是許昌的42.7 mg/kg,南陽(yáng)的255.3 mg/kg,最小值分別為周口的15.4 mg/kg和駐馬店的141.7 mg/kg。(3)不同地區(qū)砂姜黑土pH值隨剖面的下降基本保持不變；土壤CEC和速效鉀含量在不同地區(qū)剖面層次變化趨勢(shì)不同；有機(jī)質(zhì)、有效磷含量在剖面由上到下不斷下降,而全氮含量總體保持緩慢下降的趨勢(shì)。(4)研究區(qū)砂姜黑土單因子污染指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法中土壤Hg、As含量超標(biāo)率分別為50%、18.2%,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni, Pb、Zn均達(dá)標(biāo),重金屬污染等級(jí)排序?yàn)镻b(0.070)Cu(0.130) Cr(0.328) Zn(0.392) Cd(0.401) Ni(0.520) As(0.806) Hg(1.743);內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法中P綜合最大值為5.273,最小值為0.438,平均值為1.506; Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)法中一個(gè)樣本屬于強(qiáng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),四個(gè)樣本屬于中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),其余均屬于輕微風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),且其單因子潛在生態(tài)危害系數(shù)Eir為Pb(0.350)Zn(0.392)Cu(0.650)Cr (0.656) Ni(2.601As(8.059)Cd(12.018)Hg(69.707);以上三種方法均以國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值為參考值,而地積累指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法以國(guó)家土壤背景值為參考值,對(duì)8種重金屬污染程度排序?yàn)镻b(-0.97) Ni(-0.75) Cu(-0.62)= Cr (-0.62) Zn(-0.25) Cd(0.04) As(0.21) Hg(1.99),90.9%的樣本均受到Hg污染,大部分污染等級(jí)屬于中度～強(qiáng)污染等級(jí)；其次是As污染嚴(yán)重,50%屬于輕度～中度污染,10%以上屬于中度～強(qiáng)污染；Cd有59.1%的樣本屬于輕度～中度污染,Pb未污染,其余元素的輕度～中度污染頻率在20%以下。由單因子污染指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)法、內(nèi)梅羅污染指數(shù)法、Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)法和地積累指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法綜合研究可知,該研究區(qū)砂姜黑土重金屬為輕微風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。
[Abstract]:Soil resources are the most basic and important natural resources for human survival. The basic properties of soil are an important index to evaluate soil fertility and affect crop production level, while heavy metal risk levels are related to the quality and safety of soil environment. On the basis of outdoor collection and indoor analysis, this paper studies the temporal and spatial changes of the basic properties of Shajiang black soil in Henan Province and the risk assessment of heavy metals, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of soil resources and agriculture in Henan Province. The results are as follows: (1) the surface texture of Shajiang black soil in the study area is mainly silty loam, the average pH value of the surface layer decreases from 7.8 to 6.9, and the coefficient of variation is the least. The average content of organic matter increased from 12.60 g/kg to 13.11 g / kg; the average value of CEC was 21.96 cmol / kg, which was 1.13 cmol / kg lower than in 1979, and 4.9% lower than that of 1979. The mean value of available phosphorus increased from 4.8 mg/kg in 1979 to 33.6 mg / kg in 2012, and the coefficient of variation was the highest (71.2%), the average of total nitrogen content in 2012 was 1.20 g / kg, which was higher than that in 1979. The available potassium content increased from 139.1 mg/kg to 190.4 mg / kg, increased by 51.3 mg / kg, and the coefficient of variation was 44.8 mg / kg. The main reasons for these changes were natural and human factors, such as the change of land management, the return of straw to the field, the application of fertilizer, etc.) the pH value of topsoil in different areas of Shajiang black soil was similar to the content of total nitrogen. Except for Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Xuchang and Nanyang, the content of CEC in surface soil is basically the same; the content of organic matter varies greatly, ranging from 8.9g/kg to 24.3g/kg; available phosphorus, The maximum value of available potassium was 42.7 mg / kg of Xuchang, 255.3 mg / kg of Nanyang, the minimum of 15.4 mg/kg of Zhoukou and 141.7 mg / kg of Zhumadian. The content of CEC and available potassium in soil varied in different regions, and the contents of organic matter and available phosphorus decreased continuously from top to bottom in the profile. But the total nitrogen content kept the trend of decreasing slowly. 4) in the single factor pollution index evaluation method of Shajiang black soil, the soil Hgna-as content exceeded the standard rate of 50% ~ 18.2cm ~ (-1) CD ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Ni and Pb ~ (2 +) Zn were up to standard, respectively, in the shajiang black soil of the study area. The rank of heavy metal pollution is PBG 0.070 CuLi 0.130) CrP0. 328) ZnU 0.392) CDU 0.401) Nijiu 0. 801) Hgn 1. 806) Hgn 1. 743), the maximum value of P is 5. 273, the minimum value is 0. 438, and the average value is 1. 506. One sample in Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method belongs to the strong risk grade, and the average value is 1. 506, and the maximum value of P is 5. 273, the minimum value is 0. 438, and the average value is 1. 506. The four samples belong to moderate risk grade, the others belong to minor risk grade, and their single factor potential ecological hazard coefficient (Eir) is Pb(0.350)Zn(0.392)Cu(0.650)Cr 0.656. However, the soil accumulation index evaluation method took the national soil background value as the reference value, and ranked the pollution degree of 8 heavy metals as follows: Pb-0.97) Ni-0.75) Cu-0.62U = Cr-0.62) Zn-0.25) CDO 0.04) As0.21) the samples were all polluted by Hg, and most of the samples were polluted by Hg, most of which belonged to moderate to strong pollution grade. Secondly, 50% of as pollution belongs to mild to moderate pollution and more than 10% belongs to moderate to strong pollution. 59.1% of the samples belong to mild to moderate pollution and Pb is not polluted, and the frequency of light to moderate pollution of other elements is less than 20%. According to the comprehensive study of single factor pollution index method, Nemero pollution index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method and land accumulation index evaluation method, it can be concluded that the heavy metals in Shajiang black soil in this study area are of slight risk grade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S151.9;X825

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1957919