發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-31 00:08

  本文選題：復(fù)雜地表 + 水沙過(guò)程　； 參考：《泥沙研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：為明確復(fù)雜地表產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙規(guī)律及其與水流阻力的關(guān)系,采用間歇性人工模擬降雨實(shí)驗(yàn),開(kāi)展了黃土高原的裸坡、人工掏挖、魚(yú)鱗坑、等高溝壟四種典型坡面在五場(chǎng)降雨條件下的水沙演化過(guò)程、阻力來(lái)源及阻力規(guī)律研究。結(jié)果表明:魚(yú)鱗坑、人工掏挖兩種措施均以降雨時(shí)間到達(dá)55 min為臨界點(diǎn),繼續(xù)降雨則其蓄水?dāng)r沙的作用失效。各地表水流阻力均來(lái)源于降雨阻力、顆粒阻力、形態(tài)阻力的疊加。地表輸沙率與水流阻力之間均表現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān),輸沙率隨水流阻力的增大而下降。魚(yú)鱗坑、等高溝壟措施在一定的降雨歷時(shí)范圍內(nèi)均具有顯著的減流減沙效應(yīng),而較之魚(yú)鱗坑,等高溝壟在延緩徑流,控制侵蝕方面具有更好的效用。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the regularity of runoff and sediment yield and its relationship with water flow resistance, intermittent artificial simulated rainfall experiments were carried out on bare slopes, artificial digging and fish scale pits on the Loess Plateau. The evolution process of water and sediment, resistance source and resistance law of four typical slopes under five rainfall fields were studied. The results showed that the critical point of rainfall time was 55 min in the fish-scale pit and artificial digging, and the effect of water and sediment retention was ineffective if the rainfall continued. The resistance of surface water flow comes from the superposition of rainfall resistance, particle resistance and morphological resistance. There is a negative correlation between the surface sediment transport rate and the flow resistance, and the sediment transport rate decreases with the increase of the water flow resistance. The measures of fish-scale pit and contour furrow have significant effect of reducing current and sediment in a certain range of rainfall duration, but compared with fish-scale pit, isobaric ridge has better effect in delaying runoff and controlling erosion.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水利與建筑工程學(xué)院;重慶市萬(wàn)盛經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)水務(wù)局;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41671276) 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)“黃土坡面土壤侵蝕過(guò)程及其機(jī)理研究”
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1

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