本文選題：粘土沙障 + 生物結(jié)皮�。� 參考：《中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤結(jié)皮對(duì)土壤水文過(guò)程及植被生長(zhǎng)分布的影響一直是學(xué)術(shù)界比較關(guān)注的話(huà)題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)不同年代土壤結(jié)皮的生態(tài)調(diào)查和天然、模擬降雨后土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)的連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè),分析了不同發(fā)育階段的土壤結(jié)皮對(duì)于土壤水文過(guò)程的影響,同時(shí)結(jié)合各樣地內(nèi)植被生長(zhǎng)與分布現(xiàn)狀,初步總結(jié)了民勤綠洲邊緣粘土沙障土壤結(jié)皮影響生態(tài)水文過(guò)程及荒漠植被動(dòng)態(tài)的規(guī)律及機(jī)理。初步結(jié)論如下:(1)近50年來(lái),民勤綠洲邊緣的年均降水量為115.6mm,月分配差異大,主要集中在6~9月份,占全年降水量的73.92%。近10年的日降雨量分布顯示,0.1~5.0mm、5.0~10.0mm兩個(gè)雨量級(jí)的降雨頻度最高,分別占年降雨次數(shù)的81.9%、12.6%,≥10.0mm的降雨發(fā)生頻率雖不足5%,降雨量占年均總降雨量的35.1%。從雨量雨強(qiáng)角度,民勤地區(qū)降雨分為大雨量小雨強(qiáng)和小雨量大雨強(qiáng)兩種。(2)民勤綠洲邊緣人工固沙植被區(qū)土壤結(jié)皮可分生物結(jié)皮和物理結(jié)皮,其中20世紀(jì)60年代初、60年代中、70年代形成的人工固沙植被區(qū)以生物結(jié)皮為主,90年代和21世紀(jì)10年代形成的人工固沙植被區(qū)為物理結(jié)皮,80年代介于中間。土壤結(jié)皮理化性質(zhì)分析表明,結(jié)皮厚度、緊實(shí)度、粘粉粒含量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮的含量隨固沙年限的增加而增加,容重卻隨固沙年限的增加而減小。(3)結(jié)皮層和2-10cm土層對(duì)降水?dāng)r截存在差異,其中結(jié)皮層對(duì)降雨的攔截量與固沙年限呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.961),且結(jié)皮發(fā)育年限越長(zhǎng),對(duì)降雨攔截及其水分在土壤中的運(yùn)動(dòng)影響越大。2-10cm土層的降水截留量在生物結(jié)皮覆蓋下隨固沙年限的增加而減小,在物理結(jié)皮覆蓋下結(jié)果相反。(4)28.4mm的天然降雨連續(xù)觀(guān)測(cè)表明,隨著固沙年限的增加,降雨入滲深度表現(xiàn)為1960s初1960s中1970s1980s1990s21st初;小雨強(qiáng)大雨量情況下,入滲深度基本隨著結(jié)皮發(fā)育年限的增加而減少;大雨強(qiáng)小雨量情況下,入滲深度隨結(jié)皮發(fā)育年限的增加而增加;各年代結(jié)皮對(duì)入滲的阻礙效果表現(xiàn)為60年代70年代80年代,阻礙作用隨著降雨量的增加而減弱。(5)結(jié)皮對(duì)于土壤水分再分配的影響差異具有階段性。土壤水分以入滲為主的階段,0-10cm和10-20cm層土壤水分再分配隨著固沙年限的增加而增加。入滲-蒸發(fā)階段,0-10cm和10-20cm層水分差異減小。0-10cm層,以80年代為界,生物結(jié)皮土壤水分均隨著固沙年限的增加而減少,物理結(jié)皮土壤水分均隨著固沙年限的增加而增加。以蒸發(fā)為主的階段,10-20cm層土壤水分高于0-10cm層,且兩者的水分含量仍以80年代為界向兩側(cè)遞減。(6)不同類(lèi)型的結(jié)皮對(duì)蒸發(fā)的影響有很大差異。28.4mm降雨后,物理結(jié)皮對(duì)蒸發(fā)為單一的促進(jìn)作用,生物結(jié)皮對(duì)蒸發(fā)則表現(xiàn)為先抑制后促進(jìn)。土壤結(jié)皮蒸發(fā)的年代梯度僅表現(xiàn)在累計(jì)蒸發(fā)量上,其隨著固沙年限的增加而增高。隨著時(shí)間推移,各年代蒸發(fā)過(guò)程趨于減緩,但累計(jì)蒸發(fā)量的年代梯度差異變大,總體表現(xiàn)為生物結(jié)皮流沙物理結(jié)皮。(7)各年代梭梭的株高、地徑、冠幅均隨著固沙年限的增加而遞增,新梢長(zhǎng)度則隨著固沙年限的增加而遞減。梭梭的密度、蓋度在80年代均出現(xiàn)了驟降,草本多樣性卻達(dá)到最高。其中單位面積物種數(shù)、植被蓋度、多樣性指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為固定沙地植被(60年代、70年代)半流動(dòng)半固定沙地植被(80年代、90年代、10年代)流動(dòng)沙地植被,畫(huà)眉草、黃花磯松、紅砂等指示植物的出現(xiàn)再次佐證了土壤水分條件的變化。
[Abstract]:The influence of soil crust on soil hydrologic process and vegetation growth distribution has been a topic of concern in academic circles. In this paper, the influence of soil soil crust on soil hydrology process in different developmental stages is analyzed through the ecological investigation of soil crust in different ages and natural monitoring of soil moisture dynamics after rainfall. According to the present situation of vegetation growth and distribution in various fields, the law and mechanism of the ecological hydrological process and the dynamics of the desert vegetation on the edge of clay sand barrier in the Minqin oasis are preliminarily summarized. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) in the last 50 years, the annual average precipitation at the edge of Minqin oasis is 115.6mm, and the monthly distribution difference is large, mainly in the month of 6~9. The daily rainfall distribution of the annual precipitation of 73.92%. in the last 10 years shows that the rainfall frequency of the two rainfall levels is the highest in 0.1~5.0mm and 5.0~10.0mm, accounting for 81.9% of the annual rainfall times, 12.6%, and more than 5% of the precipitation frequency of 10.0mm, which accounts for the 35.1%. of the annual total rainfall from the angle of rain and rain, and the rainfall in Minqin area is divided into heavy rainfall intensity. There are two kinds of heavy rain and heavy rain. (2) the soil crust can be divided into biological crust and physical crust in the artificial sand fixing vegetation area on the edge of Minqin oasis. In the early 1960s, in 60s, the artificial sand fixing vegetation areas in 70s are mainly biological crusts, and the artificial sand fixing vegetation areas in 90s and 2010s are the physical crust and 80s. In the middle. The analysis of soil physicochemical properties showed that the thickness of the crust, the compaction degree, the content of sticky powder, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased with the increase of sand fixing years, but the bulk density decreased with the increase of fixed period of sand fixation. (3) there was a difference in precipitation interception between the nodal cortex and the 2-10cm soil layer. Positive correlation (r=0.961), and the longer the growth period of the crust, the greater the effect of rainfall interception and the movement of water in the soil, the precipitation interception in the.2-10cm soil layer decreases with the increase of sand fixation years, and the result is opposite under the physical crust coverage. (4) the continuous observation of natural rainfall in 28.4mm shows that with the year of sand fixation The depth of rainfall infiltration is at the beginning of 1970s1980s1990s21st in the initial 1960s of 1960s, and the infiltration depth decreases with the increase of the growth years of the crust when the rainfall is strong, and the infiltration depth is increased with the increase of the growth years of the crust under heavy rain and heavy rainfall; the hindrance effect of the crust infiltration in each age is 60. In 80s 70s, the hindrance was weakened with the increase of rainfall. (5) the effects of the crust on soil water redistribution were phased. The soil moisture redistribution in the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers increased with the increase of sand fixing years. The water difference between the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers in the infiltration and evaporation stage was in the stage of infiltration and evaporation. The soil moisture in the biological crust decreased with the increase of sand fixation years, and the soil moisture in physical crust increased with the increase of sand fixing years. The soil moisture in the 10-20cm layer was higher than that of the 0-10cm layer at the stage of evaporation, and the water content of the soil was still decreasing at the two sides in the period of 80s. (6) the difference between the soil moisture content of the soil crust soil and the 0-10cm layer decreased. (6) the difference between the soil moisture content and the soil moisture content of the two layers was decreased. There is a great difference in the effect of the type of crust on evaporation. After.28.4mm rainfall, the physical crust has a single promotion effect on evaporation, and the biological crusts show the first inhibition and then promote the evaporation. The time gradient of the soil crust evaporation is only shown on the cumulative evaporation, which increases with the increase of the fixed period of sand fixation. The growth process tends to slow down, but the age gradient of the cumulative evaporation becomes larger and the overall performance is the physical crust of the biological crustal flow sand. (7) the height of the plant, the ground diameter and the crown width in each age increase with the increase of sand fixing years, and the length of the new shoots decreases with the increase of sand fixing years. The density and coverage of the Haloxylon ammodendron have all dropped sharply in 80s. The diversity of herbaceous diversity was the highest, among which the number of unit area, the coverage of vegetation, and the diversity index were the vegetation of semi fixed sandy land (80s, 90s, 10s) in fixed sandy land vegetation (80s, 90s, 10s), and the appearance of soil water conditions again confirmed the appearance of soil water conditions by the appearance of thrush, pines, and red sand. Change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.4

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