本文選題：秸稈還田 + 白漿土��； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)》2017年14期

【摘要】：【目的】明確長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田對(duì)白漿土土壤物理性質(zhì)及水稻產(chǎn)量的影響。【方法】開展秸稈還田長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)處理,分別為對(duì)照(CK),單施秸稈(S),秸稈+化肥(SNPK),單施化肥(NPK)。在2005年后連年處理,并于試驗(yàn)處理前和2010年、2015年試驗(yàn)處理期間調(diào)查土壤容重、硬度、孔隙、三相組成以及水稻產(chǎn)量。【結(jié)果】白漿土長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田有利于水稻產(chǎn)量提高,10年產(chǎn)量平均,秸稈還田配施肥料處理水稻產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照和秸稈單獨(dú)還田處理增產(chǎn)275.70%和133.23%,比單施化肥處理增產(chǎn)14.17%。秸稈還田處理水稻產(chǎn)量在還田第5—10年平均產(chǎn)量比第1—5年有增加趨勢(shì);長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田可以改善土壤物理性質(zhì),降低土壤容重、硬度,還田10年后,秸稈還田配施化肥處理土壤容重低于化肥單施、秸稈單施及對(duì)照處理,SNPK處理0—20、20—30 cm土層土壤容重與對(duì)照相比分別降低6.34%和10.00%,與還田5年后同類處理相比仍呈下降趨勢(shì);秸稈還田配施化肥處理土壤硬度10年后在10、20、30 cm土層與處理前相比分別降低為26.87%、5.68%和4.62%,在20—30 cm土層與對(duì)照相比差異顯著,還田10年與5年后相比有下降趨勢(shì),其他處理變化不明顯;還田5年后,秸稈還田配施化肥處理在0—20、20—30、30—40 cm土層土壤固相比例與對(duì)照相比分別下降8.82%、8.36%和3.65%,還田10年后分別下降10.87%、10.61%和4.67%,10年后要比5年后下降幅度大,秸稈還田配施化肥比秸稈單施和化肥單施處理下降幅度大;長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田可以增加土壤有效孔隙的數(shù)量,在處理間和年限間差異極顯著,還田10年后,在0—20、20—30、30—40 cm土層秸稈還田配施化肥土壤有效孔隙比對(duì)照增加28.86%、63.85%和23.40%,在20—30 cm和30—40 cm土層比化肥單施增加12.55%和62.96%,在0—20、20—30、30—40cm土層比秸稈單施增加19.68%、56.52%和24.46%;與還田5年后相比,土壤有效孔隙度均呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢(shì)�！窘Y(jié)論】長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田可以改善白漿土不良物理性狀,降低白漿層的容重、硬度,增加土壤總孔隙度和有效孔隙的比例,提高水稻產(chǎn)量。秸稈還田年限越長(zhǎng)改善土壤不良物理性質(zhì)效果越明顯。單獨(dú)進(jìn)行秸稈還田改善土壤效果不明顯,秸稈還田配施肥料處理效果明顯;在不同處理上,秸稈還田配施化肥處理既有改土效果,又可提高水稻產(chǎn)量,而單施化肥和單獨(dú)秸稈還田均達(dá)不到此類效果。
[Abstract]:[objective] to determine the effect of long-term straw returning to soil on soil physical properties and rice yield. [methods] Long-Term Localization experiment of Straw returning to Field was carried out. Four treatments were set up in the experiment, which were CK, SNPK, SNPK and NPK respectively. Soil bulk density, hardness, porosity were investigated before and after treatment in 2005 and during test treatment in 2010 and 2015. Three-phase composition and rice yield. [results] Long-term straw returning to the field in the clay soil was beneficial to the increase of rice yield and the average yield per 10 years. The rice yield increased by 275.70% and 133.23% and 14.17% than that of the control and the single straw application respectively. The average yield of rice in the 5-10 years after returning straw to the field showed an increasing trend compared with that in the 1-5 years, and long-term straw returning could improve the physical properties of the soil, reduce the soil bulk density and hardness, and 10 years after returning to the field. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the treatments treated with straw and chemical fertilizer was decreased by 6.34% and 10.00% respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased by 6.34% and 10.00% respectively compared with that of the control, and still showed a decreasing trend compared with the similar treatments after 5 years. The soil hardness decreased to 26.875.68% and 4.62% in 10 ~ 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer after 10 years of straw returning and chemical fertilizer application respectively, and there was a significant difference between 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer and the control, and there was a downward trend in 10 years after returning to the field compared with 5 years later. Other treatments did not change significantly; 5 years after returning to the field, The proportion of solid phase in 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer decreased by 8.82% and 3.65% in the soil layer of 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm, and decreased 10.87% and 4.67% respectively after returning to the field 10 years later, and the decrease was larger after 10 years than that after 5 years, and the proportion of solid phase in the soil of 0-20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer was decreased by 8.82% and 3.65%, respectively. The amount of effective pores in soil can be increased by returning straw to field for a long time, and the difference between treatments and years is very significant, 10 years after returning straw to the field, the amount of effective porosity of soil can be increased by applying chemical fertilizer in combination with straw and chemical fertilizer alone, 10 years after returning to the field. The available porosity of soil applied with chemical fertilizer in 0-20 ~ 20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased by 28.86% and 23.40% compared with that of the control, increased by 12.55% and 62.96% in 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer, and increased by 12.55% and 62.96% in 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer, respectively, and in 0-20 ~ 20 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 30 ~ 40 cm soil layer was higher than that in straw soil layer alone. 56.52% and 24.46% more than after returning to the field five years later, [conclusion] Long-term straw returning to the field can improve the bad physical properties of the clay, reduce the bulk density and hardness of the white pulp layer, increase the ratio of soil total porosity and effective porosity, and increase the yield of rice. The longer the straw was returned to the field, the more obvious the effect of improving the bad physical properties of soil was. The effect of straw returning to the field to improve the soil was not obvious, and the effect of straw returning to the field with fertilizer was obvious. In different treatments, straw returning to the field with chemical fertilizer could improve the soil and increase the yield of rice. However, the application of chemical fertilizer alone and the return of straw to the field could not achieve this kind of effect.
【作者單位】： 黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料與資源環(huán)境研究所;黑龍江省農(nóng)墾建三江管理局八五九農(nóng)場(chǎng);黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué);日本NICH研究所;黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科研處;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2016YFD0300902-05) 農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)專項(xiàng)(201503118-04) 黑龍江省博士后基金(LBH-Z13189) 黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金(D2015005) 黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新工程(2014JQ03)
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;S511

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