本文選題：富硒土壤 + 土壤有效硒��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：硒(Se)是人體14種必需的微量元素之一,硒的缺乏會引發(fā)人體機能的衰退,對健康造成不良的影響。世界上缺硒的國家眾多,中國也在其中,而中國南方則有多個富硒區(qū),土壤硒含量大于0.400 mg·kg-1,如湖北恩施,江西豐城,陜西紫陽,福建詔安,福建大田等。福建省的富硒土壤面積較大,約有3.26萬平方公里。有研究表明,富硒的土壤并不一定能生產(chǎn)出富硒的農(nóng)作物,因為硒在土壤中以多種形態(tài)存在,作物能吸收的是有效態(tài)的硒,而全硒含量高的土壤有效硒含量不一定高。土壤的pH值、水分和有機質(zhì)含量等因子都能影響硒的存在形態(tài),從而影響硒的有效性。因此,為探討不同影響因子對作物吸收硒的影響,本論文采集了福建省富硒區(qū)的土壤進行土培和盆栽試驗,研究不同的影響因子對土壤有效硒含量、硒形態(tài)以及作物吸收硒的影響,從而為富硒土壤生產(chǎn)富硒農(nóng)作物提供一定的理論依據(jù),除此之外,還對土壤影響因子在外源添加硒的富硒土壤中有效硒含量以及作物吸收硒的影響作了一定的補充,主要結(jié)果如下:(1)對于不同pH值處理的土壤,其有效硒含量表現(xiàn)為pH9.0的土壤有效硒含量(81.8～87.0 μg·kg-1)pH7.5(53.3-62.5 μg·kg-1)pH6.0(43.5～55.1 μg·kg-1)pH4.5(36.5～46.2 μg·kg-1),同時,在每個時間點的取樣都顯示土壤有效硒的含量與土壤pH值呈現(xiàn)極顯著的正相關(guān)。各處理中,有機物-硫化物結(jié)合及元素態(tài)硒的含量最高,其次是鐵-錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硒和殘渣態(tài)硒,再次是可交換態(tài)及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)硒,可溶態(tài)硒的含量最低�？扇軕B(tài)硒和可交換態(tài)及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)硒與土壤pH值呈現(xiàn)顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),而有機物-硫化物結(jié)合及元素態(tài)硒與土壤pH值呈現(xiàn)顯著的負相關(guān)關(guān)系,土壤pH值與鐵-錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硒和殘渣態(tài)硒的相關(guān)性不明顯,但隨著土壤pH值的升高有下降的趨勢。小白菜生物量、根長的大小表現(xiàn)為pH6.0pH7.5pH9.0pH4.5,葉面積的大小表現(xiàn)為 pH7.5pH6.0pH9.0pH4.5,小白菜葉片F(xiàn)v/Fm值大小表現(xiàn)為處理pH6.0、pH7.5pH9.0pH4.5。各處理小白菜根部的含硒量都大于地上部,小白菜各部位硒含量均表現(xiàn)為 pH9.0pH7.5pH6.0pH4.5,處理 pH6.0、pH7.5 和 pH9.0 的小白菜根部硒含量是處理pH4.5的1.99倍、4.27倍和5.23倍,地上部的硒含量是處理PH4.5的1.80倍、3.02倍和4.53倍。此外,小白菜可食部位鮮重的含硒量為0.002～0.013 mg·kg-1,只有處理pH9.0的小白菜可食部位鮮重的含硒量達到了富硒水平。(2)對于不同干濕交替處理的土培土壤,其有效硒含量表現(xiàn)為CK(保持土壤含水量為田間持水量的80%)的有效硒含量(37.5～37.6μg·kg-1)T3(重干濕交替)(29.0～33.1μg·kg-1)T2(輕干濕交替)(24.9～26.8 μg·kg-1)T1(保持 1-2cm 的水層)(15.8～16.0 μg·kg-1)。對于不同干濕交替處理的水稻,其株高、分蘗數(shù)和有效穗數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為ck(灌漿期前淹水,灌漿期后輕干濕交替)t2(輕干濕交替)t3(重干濕交替)t1(保持1-2 cm的水層),而產(chǎn)量則表現(xiàn)為t2ckt3t1。各處理水稻不同部位的硒含量都表現(xiàn)為根莖葉殼米。t3處理的水稻硒含量(O.185-O.695mg·kg-1)t2(0.181-0.573 mg·kg-1)ck(0.158～0.491 mg·kg-1)t1(0.132～0.411 mg·kg-1)。另外,土壤有效硒含量與水稻各部位的含硒量呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)。(3)隨腐植酸用量的增加,土壤有效硒含量也隨之增加,表現(xiàn)為20%OM處理的有效硒含量(43.3～50.6 μg·kg-1)10%OM(37.6～48.8 μg·kg-1)5%OM(36.0～44.1μg·kg-1)CK(33.0～41.5μg·kg-1)。各處理土壤有機物-硫化物結(jié)合及元素態(tài)硒和殘渣態(tài)硒占總硒的比例最高,其次是鐵-錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硒和可交換態(tài)及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)硒,可溶態(tài)硒含量最低。土壤有機質(zhì)的含量與可溶態(tài)硒、可交換態(tài)及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)硒和有機物-硫化物結(jié)合及元素態(tài)硒呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān),與鐵-錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硒與殘渣態(tài)硒呈現(xiàn)負相關(guān)。以土壤有機質(zhì)含量作為母序列進行的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析也表明可溶態(tài)硒與土壤有機質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)度最大,其次為有機物-硫化物結(jié)合及元素態(tài)硒,再次分別是可交換態(tài)及碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)硒、殘渣態(tài)硒和鐵-錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硒。大蒜各部位的硒含量均表現(xiàn)為根莖葉,且隨腐植酸用量的增加,大蒜根、莖、葉的硒含量也會增加。(4)在外源添加硒的情況下,土壤有效硒的含量也會隨土壤pH值的升高而增加,均表現(xiàn)出SepH9.0的土壤有效硒含量SepH7.5SepH6.0SepH4.5,各處理小白菜不同部位的硒含量都表現(xiàn)為根地上部,小白菜各部位的硒含量均表現(xiàn)為SepH9.0SepH7.5SepH6.0SepH4.5,處理SepH9.0和SepH7.5的小白菜達到了富硒標準;對于不同干濕交替的處理,土壤有效硒含量表現(xiàn)為SeCK(保持土壤含水量為田間持水量的80%)SeT3(重干濕交替)SeT2(輕干濕交替)SeT1(保持1-2 cm的水層),各處理水稻不同部位的硒含量都表現(xiàn)為根莖葉殼米,水稻各部位的含硒量都表現(xiàn)為Set3Set2SeckSet1;隨腐植酸用量的增加其土壤有效硒的含量也會升高,表現(xiàn)為Se20%OM的土壤有效硒含量Se10%OMSe5%OMSeCK,各處理大蒜不同部位的硒含量均表現(xiàn)為根莖葉,大蒜各部位的硒含量均表現(xiàn)為Se20%OMSe10%OMSe5%OMSeCK。另外,所有外源添加硒的處理,其土壤有效硒含量以及作物含硒量都高于無外源添加硒的處理。
[Abstract]:Selenium (Se) is one of the 14 essential trace elements in the human body. The lack of selenium may cause a decline in human function and a bad effect on health. There are many countries lacking selenium in the world and China in which there are several rich selenium areas in the south of China. The soil selenium content is more than 0.400 mg. Kg-1, such as Enshi in Hubei, Fengcheng in Jiangxi, Ziyang of Shaanxi, Fujian edict Se, Fujian Da Tian and so on. Fujian province has a large area of selenium rich soil, about 32 thousand and 600 square kilometers. Studies have shown that selenium rich soil does not necessarily produce selenium rich crops, because selenium exists in various forms in the soil, the crops can absorb the effective selenium, and the soil with high total selenium content is not necessarily high in soil selenium content. The pH value, water and organic matter content can affect the form of selenium and affect the effectiveness of selenium. Therefore, in order to explore the effect of different influence factors on the absorption of selenium in crops, this paper collected soil culture and pot experiments of soil in selenium rich areas of Fujian Province, and studied the soil effective selenium content and selenium form of different influence factors. In addition, the effect of soil influence factors on the effective selenium content in selenium enriched soils and the effect of crop selenium absorption were supplemented. The main results are as follows: (1) for soil treated with different pH values, the main results are as follows: The effective selenium content was pH9.0 soil effective selenium content (81.8 ~ 87 mu g. Kg-1) pH7.5 (53.3-62.5 mu g. Kg-1) pH6.0 (43.5 ~ 55.1 g kg-1) pH4.5 (36.5 ~ 46.2 micron G.). At the same time, the content of Available Selenium in the soil showed significant positive correlation with the value of soil. The content of compound and elemental selenium is the highest, followed by iron manganese oxide bound selenium and residue state selenium, the exchangeable state and the carbonate bound selenium, the soluble selenium content is the lowest. The soluble selenium and exchangeable state and carbonate bound selenium have significant or extremely significant correlation with the soil pH value, but the organic matter sulfides are combined with the selenium. There was a significant negative correlation between elemental selenium and soil pH value, and the correlation between soil pH value and Fe Mn oxide bound selenium and residue selenium was not obvious, but with the increase of soil pH value, the size of root length of Chinese cabbage was pH6.0pH7.5pH9.0pH4.5, and the size of leaf area was pH7.5pH6.0pH9.0pH4.5, The Fv/Fm value of the leaves of Chinese cabbage showed pH6.0, the content of selenium in the root of Brassica chinensis was greater than that in the upper part of pH7.5pH9.0pH4.5., and the selenium content in all parts of pakchoi was pH9.0pH7.5pH6.0pH4.5. The selenium content in the root of Chinese cabbage treated with pH6.0, pH7.5 and pH9.0 was 1.99 times, 4.27 times and 5.23 times of pH4.5, and the selenium content in the upper part of the ground was contained. The quantity is 1.80 times, 3.02 times and 4.53 times that of PH4.5. In addition, the selenium content of fresh weight of the edible part of Chinese cabbage is 0.002 ~ 0.013 mg kg-1. Only the selenium content of fresh weight of the edible parts of Chinese cabbage treated with pH9.0 has reached the level of selenium. (2) the effective selenium content of soil cultivated soil with different dry and wet alternate treatment is CK (keeping soil water content) The effective selenium content (37.5 ~ 37.6 mu g / kg-1) T3 (29 ~ 33.1 mu g / kg-1) T2 (24.9 to 26.8 mu g kg-1) T1 (24.9 to 26.8 mu g kg-1) T1 (15.8 to 16 mu g kg-1) (15.8 to 16 mu g kg-1). For different dry and wet rice, the height, tiller number and effective spike number of the rice were all (before the filling period) Flooding, light dry and wet alternation after filling period) T2 (light dry wet alternation) T3 (alternate wet and dry wet alternate) T1 (maintain 1-2 cm water layer), and the yield shows the selenium content of different parts of the rice treated with t2ckt3t1. (O.185-O.695mg. Kg-1) T2 (0.181-0.573 mg kg-1) (0.181-0.573 mg kg-1) (0.1 ~ 0.491) (0.1 32 ~ 0.411 mg. Kg-1). In addition, the effective selenium content in soil was significantly positively correlated with the content of selenium in various parts of rice. (3) with the increase of humic acid content, the content of effective selenium in soil also increased, showing the effective selenium content (43.3 ~ 50.6 mu g. Kg-1) 10%OM (37.6 to 48.8 mu g. Kg-1) 5%OM (36 ~ 44.1 mu g kg-1) CK (33. 0 ~ 41.5 G. Kg-1). The proportion of soil organic matter - sulfide binding, elemental selenium and residue state selenium accounted for the highest proportion of total selenium, followed by iron - manganese oxide bound selenium and exchangeable and carbonate bound selenium. Soluble selenium content was the lowest. Soil organic matter content and soluble selenium, exchangeable state and carbonate bound selenium and presence The combination of sulfides and elemental selenium showed a significant positive correlation, with a negative correlation with the Fe Mn oxide binding state selenium and the residue state selenium. The grey correlation analysis of the soil organic matter content as the parent sequence showed that the soluble selenium had the greatest correlation with the soil organic matter, followed by the organic matter sulfide binding and the elemental selenium. The second is exchangeable and carbonate bound selenium, residue state selenium and iron manganese oxide binding state selenium. The selenium content in all parts of garlic is the root and stem, and with the increase of humic acid content, the selenium content of garlic root, stem and leaf will also increase. (4) the content of effective selenium in soil will also rise with the soil pH value under the condition of adding selenium. The effective selenium content of SepH9.0 was SepH7.5SepH6.0SepH4.5, and the selenium content in different parts of the Chinese cabbage were all displayed in the upper part of the root, and the selenium content in all parts of Chinese cabbage was SepH9.0SepH7.5SepH6.0SepH4.5, and the Chinese cabbage treated with SepH9.0 and SepH7.5 reached the standard of selenium enrichment. The effective selenium content of soil is SeCK (keeping soil water content 80%) SeT3 (alternate wet dry and wet alternate) SeT2 (light dry wet alternate) SeT1 (maintaining 1-2 cm water layer), the selenium content in different parts of the rice is all expressed as root and leaf shell rice, the content of selenium in each part of water rice is Set3Set2SeckSet1; with humic acid The content of effective selenium in soil also increased, and the content of effective selenium in Se20%OM was Se10%OMSe5%OMSeCK. The selenium content in different parts of garlic were all expressed as root and stem, and the selenium content in each part of garlic showed Se20%OMSe10%OMSe5%OMSeCK., the treatment of exogenous selenium added, the effective selenium content in the soil. And the selenium content of crops is higher than that without exogenous selenium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳長蘭;郇豐寧;孟雪蓮;呂晶;;硒對人體的作用機理及科學(xué)補硒方法[J];遼寧大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2016年02期

2 朱薇;劉慶;楊守祥;;不同花生品種富硒能力[J];中國油料作物學(xué)報;2016年02期

3 徐強;遲鳳琴;匡恩俊;張久明;韓錦澤;姚春雨;郭喜忠;馬曉明;劉彩文;;方正縣土壤全硒空間變異研究[J];中國土壤與肥料;2016年01期

4 賀前鋒;李鵬祥;易鳳姣;黃放;劉代歡;朱曉龍;;葉面噴施硒肥對水稻植株中鎘、硒含量分布的影響[J];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2016年01期

5 劉世亮;劉芳;田春麗;劉]，

本文編號：1945291