發(fā)布時間：2018-05-26 12:28

  本文選題：水土保持功能 + 層次分析��； 參考：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：盱眙縣地處淮河下游,與其他地區(qū)不同,盱眙縣火山巖丘陵地區(qū)具有土壤土層薄,土壤粘重,表層土疏松,容重小,保水持水能力差的特點,更容易受到侵蝕。且該地區(qū)林分配置不科學(xué),森林資源分布不平衡,幼、中林居多,森林低齡化問題嚴(yán)重,森林防護(hù)效能低下,加上經(jīng)濟(jì)林下人為活動頻繁,對植被的水土保持功能產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境越來越脆弱,水土流失等問題越來越引起了人們的重視。結(jié)合江蘇省林業(yè)三新工程項目,以盱眙月亮山5種人工林地為研究對象,在多次野外實地調(diào)查和實驗室數(shù)據(jù)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,運用AHP層次分析法,TOPSIS逼近理想點法,并且構(gòu)建了多層次指標(biāo)評價體系,從枯落物層和土壤層兩個層面分析了盱眙月亮山地區(qū)人工林的水土保持功能,對幾種人工林的水土保持功能進(jìn)行了評價和分析,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)五種林下枯落物蓄積量為5.12~15.31t/hm2,最大持水率變化范圍164.09%~250.76%,最大持水量變化范圍8.40~41.18t/hm2,有效攔蓄量為3.55~28.12t/hm2,從大到小依次為楊樹林樸樹林桃樹林楊梅林墨西哥柏林。觀察5種人工林下枯落物的持水過程的動態(tài)變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)持水量和吸水速度隨時間的變化是相似的,持水量和浸泡時長呈正比增長,歷經(jīng)24小時在水中的浸泡,枯落物的持水能力達(dá)到最大值,浸水開始的最初兩小時內(nèi),5種林地的枯落物吸水作用較強。楊樹林地土壤的最大持水量和非毛管持水量均是最大,達(dá)到了305.24t/hm2和305.24t/hm2,并且楊樹林地的滲透性能也是最好的。(2)在土壤抗蝕性方面:通過對土壤水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體特征、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量等指標(biāo)的測定與分析,研究了人工林對土壤可蝕性的影響。5種人工林在抗蝕能力方面存在明顯的差距,其中楊樹林下土壤的抗蝕能力最強,土壤抗蝕性與0.5mm水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體含量、0.25mm水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體含量、水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體分形維數(shù)、團(tuán)聚體分散率、團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量顯著相關(guān)。(3)在分層研究了盱眙月亮山的5種人工林的水文和保土功能的基礎(chǔ)上,本文結(jié)合層次分析和TOPSIS等分析方法對5種人工林的水土保持能力做出了定量的評價,結(jié)果為:楊樹林樸樹林桃樹林楊梅林墨西哥柏林。
[Abstract]:Xuyi County is located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. Different from other areas, the volcanic rock hilly area in Xuyi County is more vulnerable to erosion because of its thin soil layer, clay density, loose surface soil, low bulk density and poor water holding capacity. Moreover, the distribution of forest resources in this area is not scientific, the distribution of forest resources is unbalanced, the young, the middle forest is the majority, the problem of low age of forest is serious, the efficiency of forest protection is low, and the human activities under economic forest are frequent. It has great influence on soil and water conservation function of vegetation. As a result, the ecological environment in this area is becoming more and more fragile, and soil erosion and other problems have attracted more and more attention. Combined with the three new forestry engineering projects in Jiangsu Province, five kinds of artificial forests in Xuyi Yueliang Mountain were studied. On the basis of many field investigations and laboratory data analysis, the AHP analytic hierarchy process was used to approach the ideal point method. A multi-level index evaluation system was constructed, and the soil and water conservation functions of the plantation in Xuyi Yueliangshan area were analyzed from the two aspects of litter layer and soil layer, and the soil and water conservation functions of several artificial forests were evaluated and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the litter volume under the five forest stands is 5.12 ~ 15.31 t / hm ~ (2), the maximum water holding rate varies from 164.09 to 250.76, the maximum water holding capacity varies in the range of 8.40 ~ 41.18 t / hm ~ (2), and the effective storage capacity is 3.55 ~ 28.12 t / hm ~ (2). The dynamic changes of water retention of litter in five artificial forests were observed. It was found that the changes of water holding capacity and water absorption rate with time were similar, the water holding capacity and the duration of soaking were increased in direct proportion, and after 24 hours of immersion in water, the change of water holding capacity and water absorption rate were similar. The water holding capacity of litter reached the maximum, and the absorbency of litter in 5 forest lands was stronger in the first two hours of soaking. The maximum soil water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity of poplar forest land are both maximum, reaching 305.24t/hm2 and 305.24 t / hm ~ (2), and the permeability of poplar forest land is also the best. The influence of artificial forest on soil erodibility was studied by measuring and analyzing the content of organic matter. There was a significant difference in the ability of resistance to erosion of 5 kinds of plantations, among which the soil under poplar forest had the strongest ability to resist erosion. Soil corrosion resistance and 0.5mm water-stable aggregate content (0.25mm), fractal dimension of water-stable aggregate, dispersion rate of aggregate, stability index of aggregate, etc. On the basis of stratified study on the hydrological and soil conservation functions of five artificial forests in Xuyi Yueliang Mountain, the soil and water conservation capacity of the five plantations was evaluated quantitatively by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS analysis. The results were as follows: poplar forest, Peach tree forest, Myrica rubra forest, Mexico Berlin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.7

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本文編號：1937233