本文選題：謝家店子滑坡體 + 植被恢復(fù)　； 參考：《西華師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2008年汶川地震后,謝家店子發(fā)生強烈山體滑坡,滑坡體坡面土壤條件非常惡劣幾乎沒有植物生長。經(jīng)過幾年自然恢復(fù),滑坡體上植被逐漸豐富,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)等性質(zhì)逐漸改善。本文以植被恢復(fù)過程中植物群落對土壤性質(zhì)的影響為切入點,對謝家店子滑坡體植被恢復(fù)情況、土壤物理性質(zhì)、以及二者間關(guān)系進行研究。建立土壤抗蝕性評價指標體系對滑坡體不同海拔位置土壤抗蝕性評價。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)2016年謝家店子滑坡體植被恢復(fù)良好,各樣地均已形成喬灌草的群落結(jié)構(gòu),植物種類也已經(jīng)非常豐富�？傮w上,隨著海拔降低,恢復(fù)時間增加,群落α多樣性的4種指數(shù)都處于下降中,表明群落中單一物種聚集現(xiàn)象增強,優(yōu)勢種的地位也在增強。各樣地間β多樣性Cody指數(shù)相較于2012年和2014年顯著減小,說明不同海拔樣地群落間物種變化速度趨于穩(wěn)定�？傮w上滑坡體已經(jīng)形成榿木lnus cremastogyne-西南繡球Hydrangea davidii+烏泡子Rubu sparkeri-伏地卷柏Selaginella nipponica+邊緣鱗蓋蕨Microlepia marginata的喬灌草群落。(2)謝家店子滑坡體土壤容重隨著海拔降低而逐漸減小。土壤孔隙度、持水性均表現(xiàn)出隨海拔降低而增大的趨勢,表明相較于坡體上部,坡下下部有更好的通氣透水能力,同時保水能力也有明顯提升。所有樣地土壤均屬于輕礫石土,土壤質(zhì)地還比較密實。隨著海拔下降,石礫和砂粒含量有所下降,而粉粒和黏粒含量有所上升,土壤質(zhì)地密實情況在逐漸改善。所有樣地0.25mm團聚體總量均低于50%,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)均較差,但隨著海拔降低,總量有所增加,說明土壤結(jié)構(gòu)在改善。團聚體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞率和MWD(干)-MWD(濕)隨海拔降低逐漸減小,說明土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性在逐漸增強。隨著海拔降低,初滲率、穩(wěn)滲率、平均滲透率和滲透總量都有所增大。以這四個特性為評價指標做主成份分析,得到土壤滲透性能力評價公式,發(fā)現(xiàn)滑坡體表層土壤滲透性隨海拔降低而逐漸增強。(3)通過相關(guān)性分析得知喬木物種數(shù)與灌木物種數(shù)、喬木個體總數(shù)與灌木個體總數(shù)間都表現(xiàn)出負相關(guān)。群落多樣性中,Margalef指數(shù)與其它指數(shù)間相關(guān)性并不好,而Simpson和Shannon-Weiner之間相關(guān)性較好。砂粒含量減少最有助于降低土壤容重。土壤中0.25mm水穩(wěn)性團聚體相較于0.5mm水穩(wěn)性團聚體更有利于增強土壤滲透性能。但黏粒含量和總孔隙度大小對土壤滲透影響最大。喬木種類數(shù)、個體總數(shù)增多有利于改善土壤物理性質(zhì)。Margalef指數(shù)與土壤持水量,土壤滲透等大多數(shù)土壤物理性質(zhì)都表現(xiàn)出負相關(guān)性,說明滑坡體上植被豐富度降低反而有利于改善土壤物理性質(zhì)。(4)選取6類21個指標作為謝家店子土壤抗蝕性評價因子體系,進行土壤抗蝕性評價,結(jié)果顯示滑坡體土壤抗蝕性主要受土壤滲透性和孔隙度的影響,土壤抗蝕性隨海拔降低而逐漸增強,表明隨著恢復(fù)時間增長,土壤抗蝕性也在增強,原因可能在于土壤中累積了更多的有機質(zhì)、腐殖質(zhì),從而改善了土壤結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, a strong landslide occurred in the Xie Jia store, and the soil conditions on the slope surface of the landslide body were very bad. After several years of natural recovery, the vegetation on the landslide body was gradually enriched and the soil structure was gradually improved. The restoration of the landslides, the physical properties of the soil and the relationship between the two were studied. The evaluation index system of soil erosion resistance was established to evaluate the soil erosion resistance of the landslides at different altitudes. The main results were as follows: (1) the vegetation of the Xie Jia Zi landslide was well restored in 2016, and the community knot of the grass was formed in all kinds of land. On the whole, with the increase of altitude and the increase of the recovery time, the 4 indices of the community alpha diversity are in the decline, which indicates that the aggregation of single species in the community is increased and the status of the dominant species is enhanced. The number of beta diversity Cody fingers of the community is significantly smaller than that in 2012 and 2014, indicating different seas. The rate of species variation between the plots was stable. On the whole, the landslides had formed the alder lnus cremastogyne- southwestern Hydrangea Hydrangea davidii+, Rubu sparkeri-, Rubu sparkeri-, Rubu sparkeri-, Selaginella nipponica+ edge squid Microlepia marginata. The soil porosity and water holding capacity showed a tendency to increase with the decrease of altitude, which showed that the lower slope was better ventilated and permeable than the upper part of the slope. At the same time, the water retention ability also increased obviously. All soil samples were light gravel soil, and the soil was more dense. With the elevation, gravel and sand grains were reduced. Content decreased, but the content of powder and clay increased, and the density of soil texture was gradually improved. The total amount of 0.25mm aggregate in all samples was less than 50%, the soil structure was poor, but the total amount of soil increased with the decrease of altitude, indicating that soil structure damage rate and MWD (dry) -MWD (wet) decreased gradually with altitude. The stability of soil structure increased gradually. With the decrease of altitude, the initial permeability, the permeability, the average permeability and the total permeation were all increased. The evaluation formula of the four characteristics was used as the evaluation index, and the evaluation formula of soil permeability ability was obtained. It was found that the permeability of the surface soil of the landslide body was gradually increased with the decrease of altitude. (3) The correlation analysis showed that the number of tree species and the number of shrubs showed negative correlation between the total number of trees and the total number of shrubs. Among the community diversity, the correlation between the Margalef index and the other indices was not good, but the correlation between Simpson and Shannon-Weiner was better. 0.25mm water stable aggregates are more beneficial to soil permeability than 0.5mm water stable aggregates. However, the number of clay particles and total porosity have the greatest impact on soil permeability. The number of trees and the increase of the number of individuals are beneficial to the improvement of soil physical properties.Margalef index and soil water holding capacity, soil permeability and so on. The properties all show negative correlation, indicating that the decrease of vegetation richness on the landslide is beneficial to improving the physical properties of soil. (4) select 6 categories and 21 indexes as the evaluation factor system of the soil anti erodibility of the Shijia store, and evaluate the soil erosion resistance. The results show that the soil erosion resistance of the landslide is mainly influenced by soil permeability and porosity, and the soil erosion resistance is mainly influenced by soil permeability and porosity. The erosion resistance of soil gradually increased with the decrease of altitude, indicating that the soil corrosion resistance was also enhanced with the increase of recovery time, which may be due to the accumulation of more organic matter and humus in the soil, thus improving the soil structure.
【學位授予單位】：西華師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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