本文選題：溫度 + 土壤含水量��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球變暖是如今人類社會廣泛關(guān)注的焦點議題,由此引起的溫度與降水的變化也必將對土壤有機碳含量及組成產(chǎn)生影響。本文通過室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗,研究了未添加和添加玉米秸稈條件下不同溫度(10、30和50℃)和水分(30%WHC、60%WHC、250%WHC),對土壤有機碳及其組分(團聚體有機碳、水溶性有機碳及腐殖質(zhì)碳)含量以及腐殖物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響。為增強土壤固碳功能、緩解大氣CO2濃度升高、促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù),主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、與未添加玉米秸稈的對照相比,添加玉米秸稈后,土壤總有機碳含量顯著增加。隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤總有機碳的順序為10℃30℃50℃,這表明高溫不利于土壤總有機碳的積累。隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤總有機碳含量均降低。2、與未添加玉米秸稈的對照相比,添加玉米秸稈后,土壤易氧化有機碳含量顯著增加。隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤易氧化有機碳含量的順序為10℃30℃50℃,這表明高溫不利于土壤易氧化有機碳的累積。3、與未添加玉米秸稈的對照相比,添加玉米秸稈后,土壤中2~0.25 mm粒級團聚體的含量、土壤團聚體的平均重量直徑(MWD)和幾何平均直徑(GMD)均顯著增加,不穩(wěn)定團粒指數(shù)(ELT)降低,這表明添加玉米秸稈能增加土壤團聚體的穩(wěn)定性。隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤中2~0.25 mm粒級團聚體的含量、土壤MWD和GMD的順序10℃30℃50℃,土壤ELT依次為50℃30℃10℃,這表明高溫不利于土壤大團聚體的形成,破壞了土壤團聚體的穩(wěn)定性。隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長,未添加玉米秸稈的處理,在10和30℃培養(yǎng)條件下,2~0.25 mm粒級大團聚體的含量、MWD和GMD均增加,土壤ELT降低;相反,在50培養(yǎng)條件下,土壤中2~0.25 mm粒級大團聚體的含量、土壤MWD和GMD均降低,而土壤ELT增加。添加玉米秸稈的處理,隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長土壤中2~0.25 mm粒級大團聚體的含量、土壤MWD和GMD均降低,而土壤ELT增加。與未添加玉米秸稈的對照相比,添加玉米秸稈顯著增加了土壤各粒級團聚體有機碳含量;隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤各粒級團聚體有機碳含量呈降低的趨勢,這表明高溫不利于土壤團聚體有機碳的累積。隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長,未添加和添加玉米秸稈處理的土壤各粒級團聚體有機碳含量均降低。4、與未添加玉米秸稈的對照相比,添加玉米秸稈以后,土壤水溶性物質(zhì)(WSF)和腐殖質(zhì)組分(可提取腐質(zhì)物質(zhì)-HE、胡敏酸-HA、富里酸-FA)碳含量均顯著增加。隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,未添加玉米秸處理的WSFC含量均表現(xiàn)為50℃處理要顯著高于10和30℃處理,添加玉米秸稈處理均表現(xiàn)10和50℃處理要顯著高于30℃處理。隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,土壤HEC、HAC和FAC的含量依次為10℃30℃50℃,這表明,高溫不利于土壤腐殖質(zhì)有機碳的累積。隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長,除HAC有增加的趨勢外,未添加和添加玉米秸稈土壤中水溶性物質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì)組分的碳含量均有降低的趨勢。添加玉米秸稈同時也增加了土壤腐殖物質(zhì)的胡富比(CHA/CFA)、胡敏酸(HA)的logK和E465/E665值;隨培養(yǎng)溫度的增加,土壤腐殖物質(zhì)的CHA/CFA、HA的logK和E465/E665值均有降低的趨勢,這表明高溫培養(yǎng)條件加快了HA分子結(jié)構(gòu)的老化、減弱了它的膠體功能并降低了活性,同時使HA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜。隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長,土壤腐殖物質(zhì)的CHA/CFA有增加的趨勢。5、不同水分培養(yǎng)試驗研究結(jié)果表明,土壤總有機碳含量和腐殖質(zhì)組分含量均隨培養(yǎng)水分含量的增加而降低。其中250%水分處理和其他水分處理之間達到了差異的顯著性水平。然而,土壤水溶性有機碳的含量隨著土壤含量水量的的增加而顯著增加。從固態(tài)C NMR波譜,可以看出土壤腐殖質(zhì)中烷基C/烷氧C,脂族C/芳香C,疏水C/親水C的比值,其中胡敏酸的這一比值表現(xiàn)為250%WHC30%WHC≈60%WHC,30%WHC≈60%WHC250%WHC和250%WHC60%WHC≈30%WHC;而胡敏素分別是:250%WHC30%WHC≈60%WHC,60%WHC≈250%WHC30%WHC和30%WHC≈250%WHC60%WHC。以上研究結(jié)果表明,土壤水分含量過高不利于土壤總有機碳和腐殖質(zhì)組分的積累,促進了土壤水溶性有機碳的累積。雖然土壤水分含量對胡敏酸和胡敏素的化學(xué)成分的影響結(jié)果不一致,但這兩種腐殖物質(zhì)的烷基C/烷氧C的比值,均為高水分培養(yǎng)條件下要高于低水分培養(yǎng)條件。含水量較低的土壤水溶性有機碳含量更高,土壤胡敏酸和胡敏素分解程度更高,致使含水量較低的土壤有機碳含量高于含水量較高的土壤。我們的研究結(jié)果將會為理解土壤腐殖物質(zhì)在特殊的土壤水分條件下的行為和機制提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Global warming is the focus of widespread concern in human society. The changes in temperature and precipitation will also affect the content and composition of soil organic carbon. In this paper, the different temperatures (10,30 and 50 C) and water (30%WHC, 60%WHC, 250%WHC) and water (30%WHC, 60%WHC, 250%WHC) under the condition of adding and adding corn straw are studied in this paper. The content of soil organic carbon and its components (aggregate organic carbon, water soluble organic carbon and humus carbon) and the structural characteristics of humus can provide a theoretical basis for enhancing soil carbon sequestration, alleviating the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. The main results are as follows: 1, as compared with the control of no corn straw added, the main results are as follows After adding corn straw, the total organic carbon content of soil increased significantly. With the increase of culture temperature, the order of total organic carbon in soil without adding and adding corn straw was 10 C 30 C 50 degrees C, which indicated that high temperature was not conducive to the accumulation of soil total organic carbon. With the extension of culture time, the total organic soil organic organic matter treated with corn straw was not added and added. The content of carbon decreased by.2. Compared with the control of corn straw, the content of oxidized organic carbon in soil increased significantly after adding corn straw. With the increase of culture temperature, the order of easy oxidation organic carbon content of soil without adding and adding corn straw was 10 C 30 C 50 degrees C, which indicated that high temperature was not conducive to soil easy to oxidize organic carbon. After adding corn straw, the content of 2~0.25 mm particle aggregate in soil, the average weight diameter (MWD) and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregate increased significantly, and the unstable aggregate index (ELT) decreased, which showed that adding corn straw could increase the stability of soil aggregates. The increase of culture temperature, the content of 2~0.25 mm particle aggregate in soil without adding and adding corn straw, the order of soil MWD and GMD at 10 degrees centigrade 30 and 50 degrees C, and the soil ELT in turn at 50 C 30 C 10 centigrade, indicating that the high temperature is not conducive to the formation of soil aggregates, and the stability of soil aggregates is destroyed. With the prolongation of the incubation time, no addition has been added. With the treatment of corn straw, the content of 2~0.25 mm particle size large aggregate, MWD and GMD increased, and the soil ELT decreased. On the contrary, the content of 2~0.25 mm grain grade large aggregates in the soil, the soil MWD and GMD decreased, and the soil ELT increased, and the treatment of corn straw added with the cultivation time extended soil under the 50 culture conditions. The content of 2~0.25 mm particle size large aggregate in soil, soil MWD and GMD decreased, and soil ELT increased. Compared with the control of corn straw, adding corn straw significantly increased the content of organic carbon in soil aggregates; with the increase of culture temperature, no adding and adding corn straw treated soil aggregates organic carbon. The content showed a decreasing trend, which indicates that high temperature is not conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon in soil aggregates. With the prolongation of culture time, the organic carbon content of soil aggregate aggregates in soil without adding and adding corn straw all decreased by.4. Compared with the control of no corn straw, the soil water soluble substance (WSF) and humus after Tian Jiayu straw were not added. The carbon content of the components (-HE, Hu Min acid -HA, -FA of fulvic acid) increased significantly. With the increase of culture temperature, the content of WSFC in the treatment without corn straw was significantly higher than that of 10 and 30 C at 50 C. The treatment of adding corn straw at 10 and 50 centigrade was significantly higher than that at 30 C. In addition, the content of HEC, HAC and FAC in soil was 10 C 30 C 50 degrees C, which showed that high temperature was not beneficial to the accumulation of organic carbon in soil humus. With the extension of culture time, the content of carbon in water soluble substances and humus components in the soil without adding and adding corn straw had a tendency to decrease except for the trend of increasing HAC. At the same time, the logK and E465/E665 values of soil humus Hu Fubi (CHA/CFA) and Hu Min acid (HA) were also increased. With the increase of culture temperature, the CHA/CFA of soil humus, logK and E465/E665 of the soil humus decreased, which indicated that the high temperature culture conditions accelerated the aging of the HA substructure, weakened its colloid function and reduced its activity. At the same time, the molecular structure of HA became complex. With the prolongation of the culture time, the CHA/CFA of soil humus had an increasing trend of.5. The results of different water culture tests showed that the total organic carbon content and the content of humus components in soil decreased with the increase of water content. Among the 250% water treatments and other water treatments, the content of soil organic carbon and humus components decreased. However, the content of water soluble organic carbon in soil increased significantly with the increase of soil water content. From the solid-state C NMR spectrum, the ratio of alkyl C/ alkoxy C, lipoid C/ aromatic C and hydrophobic C/ hydrophilic C in soil humus, and the ratio of humic acid to 250%WHC30%WHC 60%WHC, 30% The results of WHC 60%WHC250%WHC and 250%WHC60%WHC 30%WHC, respectively, 250%WHC30%WHC 60%WHC, 60%WHC 250%WHC30%WHC and 30%WHC 250%WHC60%WHC., showed that high soil moisture content was not beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and humus components, and promoted the accumulation of water soluble organic carbon in soil. The effect of water content on the chemical composition of humic acid and Hu Minsu is not consistent, but the ratio of alkyl C/ alkoxy C of these two humic substances is higher than low water culture condition under high water culture condition. The content of water soluble organic carbon in soil with low water content is higher, and the decomposition degree of soil Hu Min acid and huminin is higher, resulting in the higher degree of decomposition of soil and soil, resulting in the higher degree of decomposition of soil soil and humic acid. The organic carbon content of soil with low water content is higher than that of soil with higher water content. Our research results will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the behavior and mechanism of soil humus under special soil moisture conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 馮發(fā)堂;榮麗;李賢偉;賴元長;周義貴;范川;;實驗室不同溫度下添加細根(草根)對土壤活性有機碳的影響[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2011年04期

2 王艷;楊麗娟;周崇峻;儲慧霞;;長期施肥對設(shè)施蔬菜栽培土壤易氧化有機碳含量及其剖面分布的影響[J];水土保持通報;2010年04期

3 楊鈣仁,張文菊,童成立,吳金水;溫度對濕地沉積物有機碳礦化的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2005年02期

4 王嬌;張玉龍;張玉玲;金爍;韓琳;;不同灌溉方式對有機肥碳礦化及土壤活性有機質(zhì)含量影響[J];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2010年01期

5 萬曉曉;石元亮;依艷麗;;長期秸稈還田對白漿土有機碳含量及腐殖質(zhì)組成的影響[J];中國土壤與肥料;2012年03期

6 于淑芳,楊力,張玉蘭,劉文妍;長期施肥對土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成的影響[J];土壤通報;2002年03期

7 張晉京;張大軍;竇森;宋祥云;;田間定位施肥對土壤腐殖質(zhì)組分數(shù)量與特性的影響[J];土壤通報;2006年06期

8 夏戰(zhàn)鷹;黃道友;劉守龍;朱捍華;;稻草添加對新墾紅壤易氧化有機碳和腐殖碳的影響[J];土壤通報;2014年04期

9 南雄雄;田霄鴻;張琳;游東海;吳玉紅;曹玉賢;;小麥和玉米秸稈腐解特點及對土壤中碳、氮含量的影響[J];植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報;2010年03期

10 王琳;李玲玲;高立峰;劉杰;羅珠珠;謝軍紅;;長期保護性耕作對黃綿土總有機碳和易氧化有機碳動態(tài)的影響[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報;2013年09期

，

本文編號：1927156