本文選題：塑料大棚 + 設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)　； 參考：《中國土壤與肥料》2017年05期

【摘要】：以上海郊區(qū)規(guī)�；O(shè)施蔬菜園藝場為研究對象,監(jiān)測了不同種植年限和不同種植模式的塑料大棚設(shè)施菜地土壤的主要理化性狀,篩選了設(shè)施菜地土壤次生鹽漬化特征指標(biāo),分析了不同深度土壤特征指標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,與露天菜地相比,設(shè)施菜地土壤酸化、鹽漬化、養(yǎng)分累積明顯,田間最大持水量和土壤呼吸速率降低;各類種植年限和種植模式的設(shè)施菜地表層土壤(0~20 cm)可溶性鹽分、硝態(tài)氮和全磷含量分別達到4.18 g·kg~(-1)、121.8 mg·kg~(-1)和1.38 g·kg~(-1),分別為對應(yīng)露天菜地的2.9倍、1.7倍和1.6倍。綜合考慮設(shè)施菜地和露天菜地土壤主要理化性狀的顯著性以及設(shè)施菜地土壤對作物的障礙影響和對環(huán)境的污染風(fēng)險,選擇p H值、可溶性鹽分、硝態(tài)氮和全磷作為設(shè)施菜地土壤次生鹽漬化特征指標(biāo),并采用土壤相對質(zhì)量評價法進行評價。設(shè)施菜地土壤p H值隨著深度的增加而升高,可溶性鹽分、硝態(tài)氮和全磷則隨著深度的增加而遞減,其中硝態(tài)氮相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)達到3.06;隨著設(shè)施菜地種植年限的增加,土壤p H值逐步降低,硝態(tài)氮、全磷和可溶性鹽分逐步累積,其中4~6年棚齡的p H值和可溶性鹽分相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)最高,7~9年棚齡的硝態(tài)氮相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)最高,10年以上棚齡的全磷相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)最高,茄果連作模式的可溶性鹽分和硝態(tài)氮相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)最高,葉菜連作模式的全磷相對質(zhì)量指數(shù)最高。
[Abstract]:The main physical and chemical properties of plastic greenhouse vegetable fields with different planting years and different planting patterns were monitored, and the secondary salinization characteristics of protected vegetable fields were selected. The variation law of soil characteristic index in different depth was analyzed. The results showed that the soil acidification, salinization, nutrient accumulation, maximum water holding capacity and soil respiration rate were significantly decreased in the facility vegetable field compared with the open vegetable field. The contents of nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in the topsoil of vegetable field were 4.18 g / kg ~ (-1) mg / kg ~ (-1) and 1.38 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) respectively, which were 2.9 times, 1.7 times and 1.6 times as much as those in the open field, respectively. Considering the significance of the main physical and chemical properties of the soil in greenhouse vegetable field and open vegetable field as well as the effects of soil barrier on crops and environmental pollution risk, pH value and soluble salt content were selected. Nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were used as characteristic indexes of secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable soil and evaluated by the method of soil relative quality evaluation. The pH value of greenhouse vegetable soil increased with the increase of depth, while the soluble salt, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of depth, and the relative mass index of nitrate nitrogen reached 3.06. Soil pH value decreased gradually, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble salt gradually accumulated. The pH value and the relative mass index of soluble salt were the highest in 4 ~ 6 years of greenhouse, and the highest in 7 ~ 9 years of greenhouse, and the highest in total phosphorus of 10 years old. The relative mass index of soluble salt and nitrate nitrogen was the highest in the continuous cropping model of eggplant and fruit, and the highest in the continuous cropping pattern of leafy vegetables.
【作者單位】： 上海市環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(環(huán)保)科研專項(201109018) 上海市環(huán)境保護局重大科研項目(滬環(huán)科2011-51)
【分類號】：S156.41;S626

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