本文選題：徑流 + 果園生草�。� 參考：《水土保持學報》2017年03期

【摘要】：為了正確認識生草覆蓋對果園面源污染的防控作用和推進生態(tài)果園建設,采用模擬試驗的方法,研究了果園生草覆蓋、生草刈割和清耕3種管理措施對氮素表層累積及其流失特性的影響。結果表明:鼠茅草大量腐解時期(9月)生草覆蓋處理土壤表層(0—1cm)礦質氮含量分別是生草刈割和清耕處理的2.6倍和4.5倍,與此同時,果園生草覆蓋處理徑流液中礦質氮濃度相比刈割和清耕處理分別提高42.6%和20.9%;與清耕相比,生草覆蓋使降雨地表徑流量顯著降低88.3%~98.7%,滲漏量增加42.1%~97.6%。綜合3次降雨,生草覆蓋使礦質氮的徑流損失比清耕降低90%,并且增加深層(25cm)滲漏89.6%。綜上可見,雖然果園生草覆蓋增加快速降解時期礦質態(tài)氮表層累積數(shù)量,但減少徑流水損失效果顯著,進而明顯減少氮素徑流損失,提高果園土壤的保水保肥能力,對解決坡地果園面源污染問題意義重大。
[Abstract]:In order to correctly understand the prevention and control effect of grass mulching on the source pollution of orchard and the construction of ecological orchard, the effects of 3 management measures on the accumulation and loss of nitrogen in the orchard were studied by the method of simulated experiment. The results showed that in the period of a large number of decomposing (September) grass mulching. The mineral nitrogen content in the soil surface (0 - 1cm) was 2.6 times and 4.5 times that of the grass cutting and clearing treatment respectively. At the same time, the mineral nitrogen concentration in the orchard grass mulching treatment increased by 42.6% and 20.9% compared with the cutting and clearing treatment, respectively. Compared with the clear ploughing, the grass cover made the surface runoff of the rainfall significantly reduced by 88.3%~98.7% and the amount of leakage increased. With the combined 3 rainfall of 42.1%~97.6%., the runoff loss of the mineral nitrogen was reduced by 90% than that of the clear tillage, and the deeper (25cm) leakage 89.6%. was observed. Although the orchard grass mulching increased the accumulated amount of mineral nitrogen in the rapid degradation period, the effect of reducing the runoff loss was significant, and the loss of nitrogen runoff was obviously reduced. The ability of water and fertilizer conservation in orchard soil is of great significance to solve the problem of non-point source pollution in the orchard of sloping land.
【作者單位】： 青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院;山東省水肥一體化工程技術研究中心;壽光市農(nóng)業(yè)局;
【基金】：山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2013DQ014)
【分類號】：S157.43;S66

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