本文選題：深施注射機構(gòu) + 變形齒輪��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：液肥深施是將液肥深施到地表以下作物易吸收部位的技術(shù),可減少肥料揮發(fā)和流失、提高作物吸收營養(yǎng)成分速度、提高液肥利用率、提高作物的抗逆性和后期抗早衰能力。目前我國生產(chǎn)各種功能液態(tài)肥的企業(yè)較多,但與液肥深施技術(shù)配套的施肥機械卻很少。因此,針對液肥深施機具研究的開展已迫在眉睫。深施注射機構(gòu)是液態(tài)施肥機的關(guān)鍵部件,其性能優(yōu)劣直接影響機具工作質(zhì)量和可靠性。目前深施注射機構(gòu)仍存在著單位時間扎穴次數(shù)受限的問題,工作效率較低。若增加扎穴次數(shù),噴肥針受到的土壤沖擊力變大,從而導(dǎo)致機構(gòu)振動明顯、扎穴不穩(wěn)定及穴口寬度不理想等問題。針對上述問題,依據(jù)液肥深施農(nóng)藝要求,對變形齒輪傳動理論進行了深入研究,設(shè)計研制出新型變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)。采用理論分析、計算機輔助優(yōu)化與設(shè)計、動力學(xué)仿真和高速攝像的方法,對變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作機理進行研究,采用臺架試驗的方法對深施注射機構(gòu)的扎穴性能、施肥性能和動力學(xué)性能進行研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)變形齒輪節(jié)曲線形成機理分析以進一步提高液肥深施注射機構(gòu)工作性能為目標(biāo),結(jié)合多種液肥深施注射機構(gòu)的工作特點,引入變形齒輪節(jié)曲線齒輪系,對其傳動比特性、齒廓形成、壓力角和根切校驗進行理論分析。利用變形齒輪節(jié)曲線具有更大的傳動比變化范圍特點,設(shè)計出新型變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)。(2)變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)理論分析對變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)進行運動學(xué)分析,建立變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)各組成部件關(guān)鍵點的位移、速度和加速度的理論數(shù)學(xué)模型。詳細(xì)分析液肥深施注射機構(gòu)的變形太陽齒輪、變形中間齒輪、變形行星齒輪和行星架的受力情況,建立各組成部件的力學(xué)平衡方程。變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)的運動學(xué)和動力學(xué)的理論分析是機構(gòu)進行人機交互和仿真分析研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。(3)變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)優(yōu)化與仿真軟件的編寫和ADAMS仿真分析在變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,采用VB語言編寫變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)仿真與優(yōu)化軟件,分析主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)作業(yè)性能的影響。在該優(yōu)化軟件基礎(chǔ)上,利用Taguchi試驗設(shè)計方法,得到液肥深施注射機構(gòu)最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合。最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為:變形齒輪長半軸a=30 mm、變形齒輪偏心率e=0.0718、變形齒輪變形系數(shù)m_1=1.4、噴肥針與變形齒輪長軸的初始夾角α_0=125o和噴肥針長度h_2=165 mm。應(yīng)用UG軟件建立變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)三維模型,并將模型導(dǎo)入ADAMS軟件中,進行運動仿真分析,驗證理論分析結(jié)果是否正確。(4)變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)扎穴性能試驗研究在試驗臺上進行深施注射機構(gòu)扎穴性能試驗和高速攝像試驗,扎穴性能試驗采用單因子和二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗方案,利用Design-Expert7.00軟件對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,研究行星架轉(zhuǎn)速、臺車速度對穴口寬度、穴距的影響規(guī)律。以農(nóng)藝要求的穴口和穴距為目標(biāo)函數(shù),尋找滿足性能指標(biāo)的最佳工作參數(shù)組合。進行高速攝像試驗,觀察液肥深施注射機構(gòu)入出土軌跡姿態(tài)是否符合農(nóng)藝要求,并與理論分析結(jié)果進行比較,判別液肥深施注射機構(gòu)理論設(shè)計是否正確。試驗結(jié)果表明,行星架轉(zhuǎn)速為80 r/min和臺車速度0.60 m/s時,扎穴性能最優(yōu),測得穴口寬度為22.2 mm和穴距220 mm。(5)變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)施肥性能試驗研究運用流體力學(xué)知識,研究液肥在變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)噴肥針出口處的流動特性,分析影響液肥深施注射機構(gòu)施肥量的因素。采用單因子和二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗方案,進行液肥深施注射機構(gòu)施肥性能試驗,利用Design-Expert7.00軟件對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,研究行星架轉(zhuǎn)速、噴孔直徑和液泵壓力對施肥量影響的規(guī)律。以農(nóng)藝要求的施肥量為目標(biāo)函數(shù),尋找滿足性能指標(biāo)的最佳工作參數(shù)組合,檢驗變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)施肥量是否滿足農(nóng)藝要求。試驗結(jié)果表明,行星架轉(zhuǎn)速82 r/min、噴孔直徑2 mm和液泵壓力0.36 MPa時,施肥性能最優(yōu),測得施肥量為10.5 m L和施肥損失率為2.33%。(6)變形齒輪式液肥深施注射機構(gòu)動力學(xué)特性試驗研究應(yīng)用扭矩傳感器獲得太陽輪軸所受扭矩值,利用應(yīng)變式傳感器和數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件獲得噴肥針入土?xí)r所受土壤反力的大小。采用單因素和二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗方案,進行動力學(xué)特性測試試驗,以扭矩值和噴肥針入土?xí)r所受土壤反力為性能指標(biāo),并運用Design-Expert7.00軟件對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,研究臺車速度、行星架轉(zhuǎn)速對扭矩值、噴肥針入土?xí)r所受土壤反力的影響規(guī)律。以深施注射機構(gòu)工作時扭矩最小和噴肥針入土?xí)r所受土壤反力最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),尋找滿足性能指標(biāo)的最佳工作參數(shù)組合,為研究整機振動規(guī)律提供理論依據(jù)。試驗結(jié)果表明,行星架轉(zhuǎn)速74 r/min和臺車速度0.61 m/s時,液肥深施注射機構(gòu)動力學(xué)性能最好,測得扭矩為4.90 N·m和拉壓力為20.55 N。
[Abstract]:The deep application of liquid fertilizer is a technique for deep application of liquid fertilizer to the easy to absorb part of the crop below the surface. It can reduce the volatilization and loss of fertilizer, improve the rate of nutrient absorption, improve the utilization rate of liquid fertilizer, improve the resistance to the crop and the ability to resist the premature senility in the later period. Therefore, the research on the deep application of liquid fertilizer has been imminent. The deep application of injection mechanism is the key component of the liquid fertilizer applicator. Its performance and performance directly affect the working quality and reliability of the machine tools. At present, there is still a problem of limited number of times in unit time, and the efficiency is low. With the increase of the number of holes, the impact force of the spray fertilizer on the soil becomes larger, which leads to the obvious vibration of the mechanism, the instability of the ligation and the unsatisfactory width of the hole and the hole. According to the requirements of the deep application of the liquid fertilizer, the theory of the deformed gear transmission is deeply studied, and a new type of deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism has been developed. The structure and working mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism are studied by means of theoretical analysis, computer aided optimization and design, dynamic simulation and high speed camera. The method of bench test is used to study the ligation performance, fertilizer performance and dynamic performance of the deep injection mechanism. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the analysis of the forming mechanism of the deformation gear section curve to further improve the working performance of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer, combined with the working characteristics of a variety of liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, introduced the deformation gear joint curve gear system, and analyzed the transmission ratio characteristic, the profile formation, the pressure angle and the root cutting check. The gear section curve has a larger change range of the transmission ratio, and a new type of deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is designed. (2) the theoretical analysis of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is carried out on the kinematic analysis of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, and the key components of the deformable gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism are set up. A theoretical mathematical model of point displacement, velocity and acceleration. A detailed analysis of the deformation of the deformation solar gear, the deformation of the middle gear, the deformation of the planetary gear and the planetary frame, the mechanical equilibrium equations of the components are established. The theoretical analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism It is the theoretical basis of human machine interaction and simulation analysis. (3) on the basis of the theoretical analysis of the deformation gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, the simulation and optimization of the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear wheel type liquid fertilizer are written on the basis of the programming of the optimization and simulation software of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism and the simulation and analysis of the ADAMS simulation analysis. The effect of the main structural parameters on the performance of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism is analyzed. On the basis of the optimization software, the optimal structural parameters of the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer are obtained by using the Taguchi test design method. The optimum structural parameters are the long semi axle a=30 mm of the deformed gear, the eccentricity of the deformed gear, the deformable tooth and the deformed tooth. The wheel deformation coefficient m_1=1.4, the initial angle alpha _0=125o of the spray fertilizer needle and the long axis of the deformed gear and the length h_2=165 mm. of the spraying needle, use the UG software to establish the three-dimensional model of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer deep injection mechanism, and introduce the model into the ADAMS software, and carry out the motion simulation analysis to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis results. (4) the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The performance test of deep injection injection mechanism is carried out on the performance test of deep injection mechanism and high speed camera test on the test bed. The single factor and two rotation orthogonal test scheme are adopted in the performance test of the ligation point. The test data are analyzed by Design-Expert7.00 software, the speed of the planetary frame, the width of the hole speed to the hole and the point of the hole are studied. In order to find out the best working parameters combination of the acupoint and hole distance of the agronomic requirements, a high-speed camera test is carried out to observe whether the trajectory posture of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer is in conformity with the agronomic requirements, and is compared with the theoretical analysis results, and the theory of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer is judged. Whether it is correct or not, the test results show that when the speed of the planetary frame is 80 r/min and the speed of the trolley is 0.60 m/s, the performance of the hole is the best, the width of the hole is 22.2 mm and the distance of the hole is 220 mm. (5). The application of the knowledge of the fluid mechanics is used to study the application of the fluid mechanics in the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The flow characteristics at the outlet of the fertilizer needle were used to analyze the factors affecting the amount of fertilizer applied in the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer. The fertilization performance test of the deep injection mechanism of liquid fertilizer was carried out by the single factor and the two rotation orthogonal test scheme. The experiment data were analyzed by Design-Expert7.00 software, and the rotational speed of the planet frame, the diameter of the jet hole and the pressure of the liquid pump were studied. According to the law of the amount of influence, the optimum combination of working parameters was found to meet the performance index, and whether the amount of fertilizer applied by the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer was tested to meet the agronomic requirements. The experimental results showed that the performance of the fertilizer was best when the rotational speed of the planetary gear was 82 r/min, the straight diameter of the jet hole was 2 mm and the pressure of the liquid pump was 0.36 MPa. The measurement of the amount of fertilizer is 10.5 m L and the loss rate of fertilizer is 2.33%. (6) the dynamic characteristic test of the deep injection mechanism of the deformed gear type liquid fertilizer. The torque sensor is obtained by the torque sensor and the strain sensor and the data processing software are used to obtain the soil counterforce. The single factor and two times are used. The rotational orthogonal test scheme was carried out to test the dynamic characteristics of the soil, and the soil counterforce was taken as the performance index when the torque value and the spraying needle were injected into the soil, and the test data were analyzed with Design-Expert7.00 software to study the speed of the trolley, the rotational speed of the planet frame to the torque value, and the effect of the soil reaction on the soil when the spray fertilizer was injected into the soil. The objective function is the minimum torque and the minimum soil reverse force when the injection needle enters the soil. To find the best working parameter combination to meet the performance index, it provides a theoretical basis for the study of the vibration law of the whole machine. The experimental results show that the dynamic performance of the deep injection mechanism of the liquid fertilizer when the speed of the planet frame is 74 r/min and the speed of the trolley is 0.61 m/s. The best torque is 4.90 N m and the tension pressure is 20.55 N..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.2

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