本文選題：土壤團(tuán)聚體 + 施肥　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤中有機(jī)碳貯量一直被人們視為衡量土壤肥力的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一方面是由于其可以為農(nóng)作物生長發(fā)育提供肥力;另一方面是影響大氣中溫室氣體的含量。增強(qiáng)土壤有機(jī)碳的固持與穩(wěn)定的目的是降低土壤CO2釋放量與在土壤原基礎(chǔ)上提升土壤肥力,促進(jìn)土壤中團(tuán)聚結(jié)構(gòu)比例的增加是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)常用的重要手段之一。東北黑土是我國農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力最大的土壤,在自然條件下土質(zhì)肥沃,其原有機(jī)碳含量較高且土壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)良好。但隨著人口的日益增多與農(nóng)田的過度開墾與耕作使得土壤物理及化學(xué)性狀相比之前發(fā)生顯著變化,探討不同施肥措施對黑土團(tuán)聚體組成與有機(jī)碳分布影響,對揭示土壤團(tuán)聚體對土壤有機(jī)碳的物理和化學(xué)保護(hù)機(jī)制、土壤固碳機(jī)理有著重要科學(xué)意義。本文基于長期定位施肥試驗(yàn),采用水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體物理分組方法,把土壤水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體分組為0.25 mm大團(tuán)聚體(Mac-A)、0.25~0.053 mm游離微團(tuán)聚體(Fm)和0.053 mm粒級的未團(tuán)聚粉/粘粒(NA-silt/NA-clay),對具有多級結(jié)構(gòu)組成的大團(tuán)聚體分級得到粗顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)(cPOM)、閉蓄態(tài)微團(tuán)聚體(mM)、粉/粘粒(M-silt/M-clay),同時(shí)結(jié)合有機(jī)質(zhì)密度分組,對大團(tuán)聚體中mM和Fm繼續(xù)分散得到輕組細(xì)顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)、重組微團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)和微團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)粉/粘粒。研究了與不施肥對照處理(CK)相比黑土單施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施生物質(zhì)炭(NPK+生物質(zhì)炭)、化肥配施牛糞處理(NPK+牛糞)和化肥配施粉碎秸稈(NPK+秸稈)后對黑土團(tuán)聚體多級結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其有機(jī)碳(SOC)分布的影響,探究生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈施入土壤后多級團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)對SOC的物理和化學(xué)保護(hù)機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.黑土水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體組成中,0.25 mm Mac-A占土壤質(zhì)量比例最高(53.36%~63.07%),為優(yōu)勢粒級,各級團(tuán)聚體質(zhì)量比例隨著團(tuán)聚體粒徑減小而減少。與CK相比,NPK、NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞和NPK+秸稈處理顯著提高了土壤0.25 mm大團(tuán)聚體質(zhì)量比例,大小依次為NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞、NPK+秸稈NPKCK;0.25~0.053 mm游離微團(tuán)聚體均較CK顯著減少,表明游離微團(tuán)聚體在有機(jī)膠結(jié)物質(zhì)作用下膠結(jié)形成大團(tuán)聚體。2.與CK相比,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞、NPK+秸稈處理顯著提高了SOC含量(分別提高23.64%、9.50%和8.14%),大小依次為NPK+生物質(zhì)炭NPK+牛糞、NPK+秸稈NPK、CK。施用生物質(zhì)炭更有利于SOC的積累。NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞、NPK+秸稈處理顯著增加0.25 mm大團(tuán)聚體中SOC貯量,大小依次為NPK+生物質(zhì)炭NPK+牛糞NPK+秸稈NPK、CK,對全土SOC的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到62.52~68.34%。3.對于0.25 mm Mac-A而言,mM占土壤質(zhì)量比例最高(27.54~36.95%),M-silt次之(17.97~28.55%),M-clay與cPOM占土壤質(zhì)量比例最低(4.63~6.81%,3.37~6.51%)。與CK處理相比,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞和NPK+秸稈處理顯著提高mM和cPOM的質(zhì)量比例(分別提高23.97~34.17%和34.72~93.18%),增加mM、M-silt和cPOM的SOC貯量(分別增加1.33~1.41、1.18~1.20和1.78~1.82倍),化肥配施有機(jī)物料促進(jìn)了mM的形成及其SOC貯量的提高。4.對于mM組成而言,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞和NPK+秸稈處理中閉蓄態(tài)微團(tuán)聚體中的粉粒(mM-silt)、粘粒(mM-clay)、顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)(mM-POM)以及輕組細(xì)顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)(L-M(f)POM)的質(zhì)量比例均顯著增加。與其它處理相比,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭處理顯著提高了L-M(f)POM、mM-POM和mM-silt的SOC貯量。對于Fm組成而言,與CK相比,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞、NPK+秸稈處理增加了Fm中輕組細(xì)顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)(L-F(f)POM)的SOC貯量,而Fm中粉粒+粘粒(Fm-silt+clay)的SOC貯量較CK減少;NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞處理中游離微團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)(Fm-POM)的SOC貯量比CK提高。5.與CK或NPK處理相比較,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+牛糞和NPK+秸稈處理顯著提高土壤胡敏酸的SOC含量,大小依次為NPK+生物質(zhì)炭、NPK+秸稈NPK+牛糞CK、NPK,而且,與其它處理相比,NPK+生物質(zhì)炭處理有利于胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素的形成。綜上,NPK化肥配施生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈處理提高了黑土SOC含量,促進(jìn)了0.25 mm大團(tuán)聚體的形成,提高了大團(tuán)聚體SOC及其粗POC貯量,SOC主要貯存在大團(tuán)聚體中,土壤大團(tuán)聚體對于生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈等外源有機(jī)碳在土壤中的固定具有重要作用。NPK化肥配施生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈有利于大團(tuán)聚體中閉蓄態(tài)微團(tuán)聚體的形成以及閉蓄態(tài)微團(tuán)聚體SOC與POC貯量的提高,從而加強(qiáng)了生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈等外源有機(jī)碳在土壤中的穩(wěn)定性。因此,在大團(tuán)聚體、微團(tuán)聚體對生物質(zhì)炭、牛糞和秸稈等外源有機(jī)碳的物理保護(hù)作用下,SOC穩(wěn)定性提高,黑土固C潛力增加。與NPK化肥配施牛糞和秸稈處理相比,NPK化肥配施生物質(zhì)炭更有利于提高SOC含量,有利于土壤腐殖物質(zhì)胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素的形成,黑土添加生物質(zhì)炭對于提高和固定SOC、提升土壤質(zhì)量具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Soil organic carbon storage has been regarded as an important criterion for measuring soil fertility. On the one hand, it can provide fertility for the growth and development of crops. On the other hand, it affects the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The purpose of strengthening the fixation and stability of soil organic carbon is to reduce the CO2 release of soil and to extract the soil on the basis of the soil. The increase of soil fertility and the increase in the proportion of reunion structure in the soil is one of the most important means to achieve this goal. The northeast black soil is the largest soil in the comprehensive agricultural production capacity of our country. The soil is fertile under natural conditions, its original organic carbon content is high and the soil aggregates are well constructed. Excessive reclamation and tillage have made significant changes in soil physical and chemical properties, and the influence of different fertilization measures on the composition and distribution of organic carbon in black soil, which is of great scientific significance to reveal the physical and chemical protection mechanism of soil organic carbon and the mechanism of soil carbon fixation. The soil water stable aggregates were grouped into 0.25 mm large aggregates (Mac-A), 0.25~0.053 mm free aggregates (Fm) and 0.053 mm grain grade unreunion powder / clay particles (NA-silt/NA-clay), and the coarse aggregate organic matter (cPOM) and closed storage state of the large aggregates with a multistage structure were obtained by using the water stable aggregate physical grouping method. Microaggregates (mM), powder / clay particles (M-silt/M-clay), combined with organic matter density grouping, continue to disperse the mM and Fm in the large aggregate to get the light group of fine particulate organic matter, and recombine the organic matter in the microaggregates and the powder / clay particles in the microagglomeration. Compared with the non fertilization control treatment (CK), the black soil single application chemical fertilizer (NPK) is compared with the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied to the application of biomass. Carbon (NPK+ biomass carbon), chemical fertilizer combined with cow dung treatment (NPK+ cow dung) and chemical fertilizer to smash straw (NPK+ straw) on the multistage structure of black soil aggregates and the distribution of organic carbon (SOC), and explore the physical and chemical protection mechanism of biomass carbon, cow dung and straw into the soil after the application of multistage aggregate structure to SOC. As follows: 1. in the 1. black soil water stable aggregate composition, 0.25 mm Mac-A accounted for the highest soil mass ratio (53.36%~63.07%), which was the dominant grain grade. The mass ratio of aggregates at all levels decreased with the decrease of aggregate particle size. Compared with CK, NPK, NPK+ biomass carbon, NPK+ cow dung and NPK+ straw treatment significantly increased the soil mass ratio of 0.25 mm large aggregate. NPK+ biomass carbon, NPK+ cow dung, NPK+ straw NPKCK, 0.25~0.053 mm free aggregates were significantly lower than CK, indicating that the free micro aggregates formed large aggregate.2. and CK under the action of organic cementation, NPK+ biomass carbon, NPK+ cow dung, NPK+ straw treatment significantly increased the content of.2. (23.64%, 9.50% and 8. respectively. 14%), the size of NPK+ biomass carbon NPK+ cow dung, NPK+ straw NPK, CK. application of biomass carbon is more conducive to the accumulation of SOC carbon, NPK+ cow dung, NPK+ straw treatment significantly increase the SOC storage in the 0.25 mm large aggregates, the size of the NPK+ biomass carbon straw stalk, the contribution rate to the whole soil For 0.25 mm Mac-A, the proportion of mM to soil mass was the highest (27.54~36.95%), M-silt was (17.97~28.55%), and M-clay and cPOM accounted for the lowest soil mass ratio (4.63~6.81%, 3.37~6.51%). 8%) increase the SOC storage of mM, M-silt and cPOM (increase 1.33~1.41,1.18~1.20 and 1.78~1.82 times respectively), chemical fertilizers and organic materials promote the formation of mM and the increase of SOC storage in.4. for mM composition, NPK+ biomass carbon, NPK+ cow dung and straw treated closed storage micro aggregates. The mass ratio of mass (mM-POM) and light group fine particulate organic matter (L-M (f) POM) increased significantly. Compared with other treatments, NPK+ biomass carbon treatment significantly improved L-M (f) POM, mM-POM and mM-silt SOC storage. The SOC storage of F (f) POM and the SOC storage of particles + clay (Fm-silt+clay) in Fm decreased than that of CK; NPK+ biomass charcoal, NPK+ ox dung treatment was compared with the increase of particulate organic matter (Fm-POM) in the free micro aggregates. The size is NPK+ biomass carbon, NPK+ straw NPK+ cow dung CK, NPK, and compared with other treatments, NPK+ biomass carbon treatment is beneficial to the formation of Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and Hu Minsu. To sum up, NPK fertilizer combined with biomass carbon, cow dung and straw treatment improved the black soil SOC content, promoted the formation of 0.25 mm large aggregate, and increased the large agglomeration. Body SOC and its crude POC storage, SOC is mainly stored in large aggregates. Soil aggregates are important for the fixation of exogenous organic carbon in soil, such as biomass carbon, cow dung and straw, and.NPK chemical fertilizer is used for the application of biomass carbon. Cow dung and straw are beneficial to the formation of the closed storage micro aggregates in the large aggregate and the closed aggregate micro aggregate SOC. The increase of POC storage increased the stability of exogenous organic carbon in the soil, such as biomass charcoal, cow dung and straw. Therefore, under the physical protection of organic carbon, such as biomass charcoal, cow dung and straw, the stability of SOC increased and the potential of C in black soil increased. With the application of NPK fertilizer to cow dung and straw treatment NPK fertilizer with biomass carbon is more beneficial to improve the content of SOC, which is beneficial to the formation of soil humic material Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and Hu Minsu, and the addition of biomass charcoal in black soil is of great significance for improving and fixing SOC and improving the quality of soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S152.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 饒霜;盧陽;黃飛;蔡一霞;蔡昆爭;;生物炭對土壤微生物的影響研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年01期

2 邢旭明;王紅梅;安婷婷;李雙異;裴久渤;梁文舉;汪景寬;;長期施肥對棕壤團(tuán)聚體組成及其主要養(yǎng)分賦存的影響[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2015年02期

3 陳升龍;梁愛珍;張曉平;陳學(xué)文;;土壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)與有機(jī)碳的關(guān)系、定量研究方法與展望[J];土壤與作物;2015年01期

4 侯曉娜;李慧;朱劉兵;韓燕來;唐政;李忠芳;譚金芳;張水清;;生物炭與秸稈添加對砂姜黑土團(tuán)聚體組成和有機(jī)碳分布的影響[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年04期

5 劉昱;陳敏鵬;陳吉寧;;農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)模型研究進(jìn)展和展望[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2015年03期

6 王朔林;王改蘭;趙旭;陳春玉;黃學(xué)芳;;長期施肥對栗褐土有機(jī)碳含量及其組分的影響[J];植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

7 劉軍;景峰;李同花;黃金花;談建鑫;曹晶晶;劉建國;;秸稈還田對長期連作棉田土壤腐殖質(zhì)組分含量的影響[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年02期

8 汪紅霞;廖文華;孫伊辰;張偉;劉建玲;;長期施用有機(jī)肥和磷肥對潮褐土土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)及腐殖質(zhì)組成的影響[J];中國土壤與肥料;2014年06期

9 花可可;朱波;楊小林;王小國;;長期施肥對紫色土旱坡地團(tuán)聚體與有機(jī)碳組分的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2014年10期

10 邸佳穎;劉小粉;杜章留;肖小平;楊光立;任圖生;;長期施肥對紅壤性水稻土團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性及固碳特征的影響[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2014年10期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周萍;南方典型稻田土壤有機(jī)碳固定機(jī)制研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊希;有機(jī)無機(jī)配施對黑土肥力的影響[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

2 強(qiáng)學(xué)彩;秸稈還田量的農(nóng)田生態(tài)效應(yīng)研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2003年

，

本文編號(hào)：1914981