本文選題：侵蝕性坡地 + 土壤剖面��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：嚴(yán)重的土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)烈影響著坡地土壤剖面的發(fā)育特性,在同一母質(zhì)條件下,不同的侵蝕強(qiáng)度,其土壤剖面的風(fēng)化程度以及孔隙特性差異很大。為了揭示不同地貌部位不同侵蝕強(qiáng)度對(duì)土壤剖面演化的影響,研究所選土壤剖面為:浙江省嵊州市水土保持監(jiān)測(cè)站典型的侵蝕性風(fēng)化花崗巖坡地,同一坡面不同侵蝕強(qiáng)度的坡地頂部、坡地中部、坡地下部的3個(gè)剖面。本研究以土壤剖面的孔隙特性及風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度為兩項(xiàng)主要討論指標(biāo),通過(guò)3個(gè)土壤剖面分層樣品和原狀土柱的采集,各樣品土壤基本理化特性和化學(xué)全量的分析,進(jìn)而計(jì)算了3個(gè)剖面不同層次的主要化學(xué)風(fēng)化系數(shù)及總的風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度。利用CT掃描,對(duì)原狀土柱的土壤孔隙特性進(jìn)行高密度的數(shù)據(jù)獲取,分析了不同地貌部位3個(gè)土壤剖面的總孔隙和大孔隙的分布特征以及影響因素。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了不同地貌部位、不同侵蝕強(qiáng)度、土壤剖面不同深度孔隙特性和風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,得如下結(jié)論:(1)土壤剖面總的風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度不大,上下層的遞變差異很小,脫硅富鋁化過(guò)程隨著剖面深度的增加風(fēng)化程度越來(lái)越弱。土壤剖面的化學(xué)風(fēng)化分層不明顯,各種風(fēng)化指標(biāo)均在60 cm左右形成了一個(gè)分界層,其上受水力侵蝕影響明顯,其下呈現(xiàn)出的特性以繼承殘積母質(zhì)為主。位于不同地貌部位的土壤剖面風(fēng)化發(fā)育程度排序?yàn)?坡底坡中坡頂,其與采樣坡面的侵蝕強(qiáng)度排序正好相反。(2)風(fēng)化程度與有機(jī)質(zhì)和黏粒含量具有較為明顯的正比關(guān)系,在侵蝕環(huán)境下,土壤的物理特性對(duì)風(fēng)化的影響明顯,在沉積環(huán)境下土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的影響大于黏粒含量的影響�？傊�,由于受侵蝕的影響,坡地土壤剖面的淀積層不發(fā)育,剖面呈現(xiàn)出的假淀積層不是由淋溶作用形成的,而是具有一定風(fēng)化程度的風(fēng)化殘積層,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致發(fā)育于山地丘陵侵蝕性坡地的土壤層次劃分不同于常規(guī)的土壤層次劃分。(3)3個(gè)土壤剖面總孔隙度都是隨著剖面深度的增加而減小,并以大孔隙為主。孔徑在1～3mm所占比重最大,5～7mm所占比重最小。同一坡面不同地貌位置3個(gè)土壤剖面的大孔隙個(gè)數(shù)比例的排序?yàn)?坡中坡底坡頂。3個(gè)土壤剖面的大孔隙度與總孔隙度的差值都很小,并隨著深度的變化而遞減。在3個(gè)土壤剖面中大孔隙度大于平均值的層位主要分布在0～30cm深度之間。大孔隙度的平均值以坡頂最大(35.18%),坡中次之(33.18%),坡底最小(30.64%)。大孔隙的成圓率影響大孔隙度與總孔隙度的關(guān)系。土壤黏粒和粉粒含量越多,成圓率越大。(4)總孔隙度,大孔隙度與風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度之間一致性受到侵蝕的影響,侵蝕強(qiáng)度越大,它們之間的一致性越差,侵蝕強(qiáng)度越小,它們之間的一致性越好。在整個(gè)土壤剖面中風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度值的變化范圍不大,對(duì)侵蝕強(qiáng)度指示的靈敏度具有遲緩性,而土壤孔隙特性的指示靈敏度高于風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度。(5)在強(qiáng)烈侵蝕的花崗巖風(fēng)化殘積坡地發(fā)育的土壤,總體發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程較弱,其進(jìn)一步的發(fā)育與典型的地帶性土壤的發(fā)育有很大的差異。侵蝕強(qiáng)度越大,則土壤發(fā)育越差,最大風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度不是在土壤表層,而是在表層以下的一定深度,風(fēng)化強(qiáng)度最大值的層位,即為水力侵蝕的最大影響深度。土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度越大,土壤剖面大孔隙度所占的比例越大。
[Abstract]:Serious soil erosion strongly affects the development characteristics of soil profile in the slope. Under the same parent material, different erosion intensity, the difference of weathering degree and pore characteristics of the soil profile is very different. In order to reveal the influence of different erosion intensity on the soil profile evolution in different geomorphologic parts, the selected soil profile is Zhejiang Shengsheng. The typical erosive weathered granite slope in the soil and water conservation monitoring station of the state city is the top of the slope with different erosion intensity on the same slope, 3 sections in the middle of the slope and the lower part of the slope. In this study, the pore characteristics and weathering strength of the soil profile are two main discussion indexes, and the collection of the stratified samples and the original soil columns in 3 soil profiles is collected. The main chemical weathering coefficient and total weathering intensity of the 3 sections were calculated by the analysis of the basic physicochemical properties and chemical total quantity of the soil. The soil pore characteristics of the original soil column were obtained by CT scanning, and the distribution of the total pore and the large pore in the 3 soil profiles at different geomorphic parts was analyzed. On the basis of the above analysis, the corresponding relationship between different geomorphic parts, different erosion intensity, different depth pore characteristics and weathering intensity of soil profile is discussed. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) the total weathering intensity of the soil profile is not large, the variation of the upper and lower layers is very small, and the process of desilication and aluminizing increases with the depth of the section. The weathering degree is getting weaker and weaker. The stratification of the chemical weathering of the soil profile is not obvious. All weathering indexes have formed a demarcation layer around 60 cm, which are influenced obviously by the hydraulic erosion. The characteristics of the soil profile are mainly inherited from the residual parent material. The weathering development of the soil profile at different geomorphic parts is ranked as the top of the middle slope of the slope. It is the opposite of the erosion intensity on the slope surface. (2) the degree of weathering and the content of organic matter and clay particles have a more obvious positive ratio. In the environment of erosion, the physical properties of soil have obvious influence on the weathering, and the influence of soil organic matter in the sedimentary environment is greater than the effect of the clay content. In a word, the slope is affected by erosion. The sediment layer in the soil profile is not developed, and the false accumulation layer is not formed by leaching, but is a weathering residual layer with a certain degree of weathering. The results lead to the classification of soil layers developed on the eroded slope of the hills and hills. (3) the total porosity of the 3 soil profiles is all along with the profile. With the increase of surface depth, the main pore size is large pore. The proportion of pore size from 1 to 3mm is the largest and the proportion of 5 ~ 7mm is the smallest. The proportion of large pore numbers in 3 soil profiles with different geomorphologic positions on the same slope is: the difference between the large porosity and the total porosity of the.3 soil profile at the top of the slope bottom is small, and changes with the depth. In 3 soil profiles, the large porosity larger than the average is mainly between 0 and 30cm depth. The average value of the large porosity is maximum (35.18%), the secondary (33.18%) and the bottom of the slope (30.64%). The relationship between the large porosity and the total porosity is influenced by the macroporosity. The more the clay and powder content, the more the content of the clay and the grain is formed. The greater the roundness. (4) the total porosity, the consistency between the large porosity and the weathering intensity is affected by erosion, the greater the intensity of the erosion, the worse the consistency between them, the smaller the erosion intensity, the better the consistency between them. The variation of the weathering intensity value in the whole soil profile is not large, and the sensitivity of the erosion intensity indication is slow. The indicator sensitivity of soil pore characteristics is higher than that of weathering intensity. (5) the soil developed in the strongly eroded granite weathering residue slope is weaker in overall development, and its further development is very different from that of typical zonal soil. The greater the erosion intensity, the worse the soil development, the maximum weathering intensity is not. On the surface of the soil, but at a certain depth below the surface, the maximum depth of the weathering intensity is the maximum influence depth of the hydraulic erosion. The greater the soil erosion intensity, the greater the proportion of the large porosity in the soil profile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157;S151.1

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