本文選題：玉米秸稈 + 種還分離��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過田間原位模擬和微區(qū)秸稈還田的方式對種還分離模式下玉米秸稈還田對土壤養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化的影響進行了研究,田間原位模擬試驗設(shè)置了四個水平秸稈還田量0%(秸稈未還田)、0.44%(常規(guī)還田全量)、0.88%(種還分離全量)和1.32%(常規(guī)還田3倍量)以及三個不同還田深度0-15cm、15-30cm、30-45cm交叉處理,微區(qū)秸稈還田中也設(shè)置同樣的四個水平秸稈還田量處理,將微區(qū)分成玉米種植區(qū)和秸稈還田區(qū)兩部分。對試驗中各處理土壤NPK、微量元素、有機酸以及微區(qū)處理中玉米根系特征和產(chǎn)量進行了研究,研究結(jié)果如下:(1)種還分離模式下的玉米秸稈還田可以促進土壤有效態(tài)氮、磷、鉀含量的提高。其中堿解氮以30-45cm土層增加最為顯著,速效磷和速效鉀以0-15cm增加最為顯著,速效鉀含量的提高主要表現(xiàn)為交換性鉀含量的提高,水溶性鉀僅在0-15cm土層增加顯著,并且對速效磷含量的提高主要通過促進其他的形態(tài)的磷轉(zhuǎn)化為速效磷,但各處理的秸稈還田對土壤全磷和緩效鉀均無明顯影響。同時,種還分離模式下的玉米秸稈還田能夠減少土壤中等活性有機磷,增加土壤中穩(wěn)定性有機磷,促進土壤有機磷向著中穩(wěn)定性有機磷的方向轉(zhuǎn)化。此外,種還分離模式下玉米秸稈還田能夠通過提高土壤養(yǎng)分的有效性為下季玉米生長提供更多可以直接吸收利用的養(yǎng)分,秸稈還田1a后,玉米種植區(qū)土壤NPK的有效性均顯著提高,其中土壤堿解氮分別增加了4.3%、14.3%和20.0%,速效磷增加了68.9%、60.2%、88.5%,速效鉀分別增加了14.7%、32.0%和29.8%。(2)種還分離模式下的玉米秸稈還田有利于提高土壤鐵、鋅的有效性,對有效錳含量無明顯影響,不利于土壤有效銅的積累。其中土壤有效鐵和和有效鋅含量在0-15cm和15-30cm土層均未隨著秸稈還田量的增加而升高,土壤有效鐵含量在30-45cm土層隨著秸稈還田量的增加而升高,有效鋅含量在30-45cm土層隨著秸稈還田量的增加而降低。土壤有效錳各處理之間均無顯著差異,有效銅含量在15-30cm和30-45cm土層隨著秸稈還田量的增加呈降低趨勢,但差異不顯著。種還分離模式下的玉米秸稈還田能夠增加下季玉米生長有效鐵和鋅的供應(yīng),秸稈還田1a后,玉米種植區(qū)土壤有效鐵和有效性含量均顯著升高,其中土壤有效鐵分別增加了18.3%、23.6%、32.3%,土壤有效鋅分別增加了41.5%、37.8、59.3%。(3)種還分離模式下玉米秸稈還田能夠促進土壤有機酸的積累。其中,到秸稈還田30d時,土壤有機酸含量經(jīng)歷了一個復(fù)雜的過程,0-15cm土層土壤有機酸含量高于對照,30-45cm土層土壤有機酸含量低于對照,隨著秸稈還田時間的增加,各處理土壤有機酸含量均顯著升高,在還田90d到150d時,土壤有機酸含量均處在較高水平,還田150d到360d時,各處理的土壤有機酸含量均顯著降低。同時,種還分離模式下的玉米秸稈還田能夠增加下季玉米生長中土壤有機酸含量,秸稈還田1a后,玉米種植區(qū)土壤有機酸含量分別增加了6.8%、14.5%和11.6%。此外,土壤有機酸含量的增加有助于部分土壤速效養(yǎng)分的提高,土壤有機酸和土壤速效鉀、速效磷、有效鐵、有效鋅在0-15cm土層中表現(xiàn)出顯著正相關(guān),土壤有機酸和速效磷、有效鐵在30-45cm土層顯著正相關(guān)。(4)種還分離模式下玉米秸稈還田能夠促進苗期玉米根系生長發(fā)育,增加玉米根干重、根體積、總根長和根表面積,提高玉米產(chǎn)量。其中各處理玉米根干重分別增加了7.9%、12.2%和8.6%,根體積分別增加了1.9%、14.0%和10.4%,總根長分別增加了3.0%、6.6%和6.9%,根表面積分別增加了8.5%、18.2%和16.7%,同時R1和R3處理的玉米產(chǎn)量分別增加了7.1%和21.2%。
[Abstract]:The effect of corn straw returning to soil nutrient conversion was studied in the field in situ simulation and microarea straw returning to the field. In the field, the field in situ simulation test set four horizontal straw returning amount 0% (straw not returning field), 0.44% (conventional field total), 0.88% (species also separated total) and 1.32% (3 times the conventional return field). As well as three different returning field depth 0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-45cm cross treatment, the same four horizontal straw returning treatments were set in the microarea straw returning, and the micro area was divided into two parts of corn planting area and straw returning area. The characteristics and production of maize root system in soil NPK, trace elements, organic acids and micro area treatment were treated in the experiment. The research results are as follows: (1) the returning of corn straw to field under the mode of separation can promote the increase of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most significant increase of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the 30-45cm soil layer, the most significant increase of available phosphorus and available potassium with 0-15cm, the increase of the content of quick effect potassium is mainly the extraction of exchangeable potassium content. High, water-soluble potassium only increased in the 0-15cm soil layer, and the increase of available phosphorus content mainly through the promotion of other forms of phosphorus conversion to available phosphorus, but the treatments of straw returning to soil all phosphorus and slow available potassium were not significantly affected. Increase soil stable organophosphorus and promote the transformation of soil organophosphorus to stable organophosphorus. In addition, corn straw returning can provide more nutrients for next season corn growth by increasing soil nutrient availability, and soil NPK in corn planting area after 1a. The soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen increased by 4.3%, 14.3% and 20% respectively, and the available phosphorus increased by 68.9%, 60.2%, 88.5%, and the available potassium was increased by 14.7%, 32% and 29.8%. (2). The returning of corn straw to the field was beneficial to improve the efficiency of soil iron and zinc, and had no obvious effect on the content of effective manganese, which was not beneficial to the soil. The soil effective iron and effective zinc content in 0-15cm and 15-30cm soil layer did not increase with the increase of the amount of straw returning, the soil available iron content increased with the increase of the amount of straw returning in the 30-45cm soil layer, and the effective zinc content decreased with the increase of the amount of straw returning in the 30-45cm soil layer. There is no significant difference between the rational and effective copper content in 15-30cm and 30-45cm soil layer with the increase of the amount of straw returning, but the difference is not significant. The returning of corn straw to the field can increase the supply of effective iron and zinc for the growth of the next season corn, and the soil available iron and effective content in the corn planting area after returning to the field of 1a. The soil effective iron increased by 18.3%, 23.6%, 32.3%, and the soil effective zinc increased by 41.5%, respectively. The soil organic acid accumulation could be promoted by the returning of corn straw to the field under 37.8,59.3%. (3). The organic acid content of soil had undergone a complex process when the straw returned to field 30d, and the soil layer of 0-15cm soil had a complex process. The organic acid content of soil layer in 30-45cm soil layer was lower than that of control. The organic acid content in each treatment soil increased significantly with the increase of straw returning time. The organic acid content of soil was at a high level when returning to the field from 90d to 150D. The soil organic acid content of each treated soil decreased significantly when the field was 150D to 360D. The return of corn straw to field under the model could increase the content of soil organic acid in the growth of Maize in the next season. After returning to the field for 1a, the soil organic acid content increased by 6.8%, 14.5% and 11.6%., respectively. The increase of soil organic acid content was helpful to the improvement of some soil available nutrients, soil organic acid and soil quick available potassium. Effective phosphorus, effective iron, effective zinc showed significant positive correlation in the 0-15cm soil layer, soil organic acid and available phosphorus, effective iron in the 30-45cm soil layer significantly positive correlation. (4) under the separation mode corn straw returning can promote the seedling growth and development of maize root, increase the root dry weight of Maize, root volume, root length and root surface area, improve maize yield. The root dry weight of each treatment increased by 7.9%, 12.2% and 8.6% respectively, the root volume increased by 1.9%, 14% and 10.4%, the total root length increased by 3%, 6.6% and 6.9% respectively, and the root surface area increased by 8.5%, 18.2% and 16.7%, while the maize yield of R1 and R3 increased respectively by 7.1% and 21.2%., respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158

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