本文選題：蘋果 + 蘋果全爪螨��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：葉螨是我國蘋果產(chǎn)區(qū)常發(fā)性主要害蟲,目前防治葉螨主要是依靠噴施化學(xué)藥劑,而大量噴施殺螨劑不僅殺傷了天敵還會導(dǎo)致害蟲產(chǎn)生抗藥性。為了解蘋果園葉螨發(fā)生動態(tài)和探究天敵的保護與利用,指導(dǎo)果農(nóng)合理且適期的使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥,我們于2014年在保定市望都縣兩個蘋果園對葉螨種類和發(fā)生動態(tài)進行了系統(tǒng)調(diào)查,同時進行了田間釋放捕食螨防治蘋果全爪螨的試驗,結(jié)果如下:1.蘋果園葉螨種類和發(fā)生動態(tài)2014年望都縣七里鋪蘋果園和許莊蘋果園優(yōu)勢種群均為蘋果全爪螨。被調(diào)查的望都縣兩個蘋果園枝干上越冬的蘋果全爪螨越冬卵數(shù)量均比較大,2014年4月上旬(蘋果露紅期)為越冬卵的孵化盛期;4月底5月初(落花后7d)為第一代卵盛期,此后世代重疊嚴重,因此,蘋果露紅期和落花1周之后是噴藥防治蘋果全爪螨的關(guān)鍵時期。整個生長季中5月至7月中旬為害最嚴重;進入8月份后蘋果全爪螨種群數(shù)量急劇下降,10月初于田間可見其越冬卵。2.田間釋放捕食螨的效果評價2014年5月13日在保定市望都縣許莊果園釋放捕食螨--巴氏新小綏螨,釋放前后每隔7d取樣調(diào)查蘋果全爪螨和捕食螨的種群動態(tài)。結(jié)果表明,釋放區(qū)活動螨總量為2963.33頭,對照區(qū)活動螨總量為4075.49頭,釋放區(qū)蘋果全爪螨的數(shù)量明顯少于未釋放區(qū),巴氏新小綏螨對蘋果全爪螨有很好的防控效果,應(yīng)用捕食螨防治葉螨不僅減少了化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用,而且還減少對天敵的殺傷作用,最重要的是對果實品質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境也更安全。
[Abstract]:Tetranychus Tetranychus is a common pest in apple producing areas in China. At present, the control of leaf mites mainly depends on spraying chemical chemicals, and spraying a large number of acaricides can not only kill natural enemies but also lead to insect resistance. In order to understand the occurrence dynamics of leaf mites in apple orchard and explore the protection and utilization of natural enemies, we conducted a systematic investigation on the species and occurrence dynamics of leaf mites in two apple orchards in Wangdu County, Baoding City in 2014. At the same time, the field experiment of releasing predatory mites against apple total claw mites was carried out. The results are as follows: 1. Species and dynamics of leaf mites in apple orchard in 2014 the dominant populations of Qilipu apple orchard and Xuzhuang apple orchard in Wangdu County were all apple mites. The number of overwintering eggs of apple mites overwintering on the branches of two apple orchards investigated in Wangdu County was relatively large, and the first generation of eggs was in the early ten days of April 2014 (apple red period) as the incubation period of overwintering eggs at the end of April and the beginning of May (7 days after falling flowers). The overlap of later generations was serious, so the red stage of apple and the first week after falling flowers were the key periods of spraying to control the apple mites. In the whole growing season, the damage was the most serious from May to the middle of July. After entering August, the population of apple total claw mites declined sharply and its overwintering eggs. 2 was found in the field at the beginning of October. Evaluation of the effect of releasing predatory mites in the field on May 13, 2014 in Xuzhuang orchard of Wangdu County, Baoding City, we released predatory mite-New Suiyuan of Pasteurus pasteurus, and collected samples every 7 days before and after release to investigate the population dynamics of total claw mites and predatory mites of apple. The results showed that the total number of active mites was 2963.33 in the releasing area and 4075.49 in the control area, and the total number of the total mites in the released area was significantly less than that in the unreleased area. The application of predatory mites to control Tetranychus not only reduces the use of chemical pesticides but also reduces the killing effect on natural enemies. The most important thing is that it is safer to fruit quality and ecological environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S476.2;S436.611.2

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