本文選題：水稻 + 根際沉積�。� 參考：《環(huán)境科學(xué)》2017年03期

【摘要】：施肥和水分管理是影響水稻生長(zhǎng)的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素,探討水肥耦合條件下光合碳在"水稻-土壤"系統(tǒng)輸入與分配動(dòng)態(tài),對(duì)深入解析稻田土壤碳循環(huán)具有重要意義.本研究通過(guò)盆栽試驗(yàn),選用秈性常規(guī)水稻品種(中早39),采用13C-CO_2連續(xù)標(biāo)記技術(shù),量化研究施氮和水分管理對(duì)光合碳在"水稻-土壤"系統(tǒng)中分配的影響.結(jié)果表明:施氮增加了水稻地上部干物質(zhì)重和碳、氮含量,卻顯著降低了水稻根冠比;干濕交替使施氮條件下的水稻地上部全碳、全氮含量較持續(xù)淹水處理分別提高了22%和33%,根系中全碳、全氮含量分別提高了36%、44%,這表明施氮有利于水稻地上部生長(zhǎng),而干濕交替顯著促進(jìn)了水稻根系的生長(zhǎng).施氮顯著增加水稻地上部13C含量,與不施氮處理相比增加了32%~83%;施氮使光合碳在水稻地上部的回收率增加6%~32%,在根系的回收率減少18%~59%.水分管理對(duì)13C分配的影響表現(xiàn)為:連續(xù)標(biāo)記22 d后,在施氮條件下,干濕交替使水稻地上部、根系13C量均有一定量的增加;不施氮條件下,干濕交替與持續(xù)淹水處理相比,地上部13C量減少10.3mg·pot-1,回收率降低了11%~12%;根系13C量增加1.9 mg·pot-1,回收率提高了24%~57%.施氮和干濕交替都顯著增加了13C在根際土壤中的累積與回收率.因此,施氮增加了光合碳在土壤-水稻系統(tǒng)中的累積,但降低了光合碳在根系中的分配,干濕交替比持續(xù)淹水更利于光合碳向土壤中的傳輸與累積,水肥耦合管理顯著調(diào)控了光合碳的傳輸與分配.該研究進(jìn)一步量化了水肥管理?xiàng)l件下水稻光合碳的分配及其在土壤有機(jī)碳庫(kù)中的傳輸特征,為稻田水肥管理、水稻土有機(jī)質(zhì)積累持續(xù)機(jī)制提供了理論依據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)支撐.
[Abstract]:Fertilization and water management are two key factors affecting rice growth. It is very important to study the input and distribution dynamics of photosynthetic carbon in "rice-soil" system under the coupling of water and fertilizer. In this study, the effects of nitrogen application and water management on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in "rice-soil" system were quantitatively studied by using 13C-CO_2 continuous marker technique and pot experiment. The results showed that nitrogen application increased the dry matter weight, carbon and nitrogen content, but significantly decreased the root / shoot ratio of rice, and the dry and wet alternately increased the total carbon content in the aboveground part of rice under the condition of nitrogen application. Total nitrogen content increased by 22% and 33%, total carbon and total nitrogen content in root increased by 36% and 44%, respectively, compared with continuous flooding treatment, which indicated that nitrogen application was beneficial to the growth of rice shoot, while dry and wet alternation significantly promoted the growth of rice root system. Nitrogen application significantly increased the content of 13C in the aboveground part of rice, and increased the yield of photosynthetic carbon in the aboveground part of rice by 32 ~ 83% compared with that of the treatment without nitrogen application, and increased the recovery rate of photosynthetic carbon in the aboveground part of rice by 6 ~ 32 ~ 32%, and decreased the recovery rate in the root system by 18 ~ 59 ~ 59%. The effects of water management on 13C distribution were as follows: under the condition of nitrogen application, dry and wet alternately increased the root 13C content in the shoot of rice after 22 days of continuous labeling, and under the condition of no nitrogen application, the dry and wet alternating treatments were compared with the continuous flooding treatment. The amount of 13C in aboveground decreased 10.3mg pot-1, and the recovery rate decreased by 110.122.The root 13C content increased 1.9 mg pot-1, and the recovery rate increased 2457.The amount of 13C in root increased by 1.9mg pot-1, and the recovery increased by 24mg. The accumulation and recovery of 13C in rhizosphere soil were significantly increased by nitrogen application and dry wet alternating. Therefore, nitrogen application increased the accumulation of photosynthetic carbon in soil-rice system, but decreased the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in root system. Water and fertilizer coupling management significantly regulated the transport and distribution of photosynthetic carbon. This study further quantified the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in rice and its transport characteristics in soil organic carbon pool under the condition of water and fertilizer management, which provided theoretical basis and data support for the management of paddy water and fertilizer and the sustainable mechanism of accumulation of organic matter in paddy soil.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院亞熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所亞熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;湖北大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41301276,41501321) 政府間國(guó)際科技創(chuàng)新合作重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目(S2016G0053)
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S154.4

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