本文選題：微生物復(fù)合菌劑 + 秸稈堆肥�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了解決蔬菜大棚土壤面臨的鹽漬化、板結(jié)、酸化等問題,利用微生物對秸稈牛糞進(jìn)行堆肥,進(jìn)而利用堆腐的有機(jī)肥來改善土壤的理化性質(zhì)。這樣不但可以解決秸稈及牛糞過剩造成的資源浪費和環(huán)境污染問題,還可以通過秸稈堆腐的有機(jī)肥改良大棚土壤,促進(jìn)作物的生長發(fā)育。本研究進(jìn)行了菌株篩選、復(fù)合菌劑制備、秸稈堆肥及大棚甜椒栽種等試驗,結(jié)果如下:1.篩選得到秸稈降解能力強的菌株10株,其包括,四株細(xì)菌:X1、X2、X3、X4;兩株放線菌:F1、F2;四株真菌:Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4。另外篩得土壤改良菌種,固氮菌2株:N1、N2;解磷酸鹽菌株2株:P1、P2;解鉀菌2株:K1、K2。對其中一部分菌株進(jìn)行初步的形態(tài)學(xué)及分子生物學(xué)鑒定,X3為解淀粉芽孢桿菌;F1為灰淺紅鏈霉菌;Z4為深綠木霉菌;P2為具疣藍(lán)狀菌。2.將篩選得到的菌株X1、X2、X3、X4、F1、F2、Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、P1、P2、K1、K2、N1、N2與實驗室保藏的菌株平菇(P6)、枯草芽孢桿菌(T1)、釀酒酵母(FK)、乳酸菌(BY)及工程菌株康寧木霉(FT)共21株菌進(jìn)行菌株間拮抗實驗,結(jié)果表明,菌株間無拮抗作用,并制備復(fù)合菌劑①。3.通過堆肥試驗得出,實驗組3兩種復(fù)合菌劑的共同參與,能使堆肥短期達(dá)到腐熟、無害化、高品質(zhì)的有機(jī)肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。堆肥腐熟后實驗組3堆肥的理化指標(biāo)為:pH7.56、有機(jī)質(zhì)565.42g/kg、速效磷2.76g/kg、速效鉀13.8mg/kg、堿解氮424.5mg/kg,兩種復(fù)合菌劑的共同作用,不但使養(yǎng)分釋放出來,還能保持養(yǎng)分不流失,提高了秸稈有機(jī)肥的肥效。4.甜椒栽培試驗表明,實驗組3能使土壤由酸性變成微酸性,電導(dǎo)率為0.6mS/cm左右,在一定程度上改善了土壤的酸化及鹽漬化問題;增加了土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量,能使土壤含水率增加、容重降低、總孔隙度升高,防止土層進(jìn)一步板結(jié)及鹽分表聚現(xiàn)象發(fā)生;實驗組3、4在促進(jìn)甜椒幼苗生長上效果較優(yōu)。綜合考慮得出,實驗組3添加有機(jī)肥量為30%時,不但改變了土壤的物理結(jié)構(gòu),還提高了土壤通氣蓄水保肥性能,也促進(jìn)了甜椒幼苗的生長發(fā)育。本研究將多種功能性菌株組合加之EM菌劑的共同作用堆腐秸稈,提高了堆肥速效氧分含量,這種生物秸稈有機(jī)肥的適宜添加,它可以培肥土壤,促進(jìn)土壤形成團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu),提高了土壤通氣蓄水保肥性能,從而促進(jìn)了作物的生長。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of salinization, agglomeration and acidification in vegetable greenhouse soil, straw and cow dung were compost by microorganism, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were improved by using organic manure. This can not only solve the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by surplus straw and cow dung, but also improve the greenhouse soil through the organic fertilizer of straw heap rot, and promote the growth and development of crops. In this study, strain screening, preparation of compound bacteria, straw composting and planting of sweet pepper in greenhouse were carried out. The results are as follows: 1. 1. Ten strains with strong ability of straw degradation were screened out, including four strains of strain: 1: X1X2X3X4; 2 strains of actinomycetes: F1F2F2; 4 strains of fungus: Z1, Z2Z2Z3, Z4. In addition, two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, two strains of N _ 1N _ 2, two strains of phosphate hydrolysate, two strains of K _ 2O _ 1, two strains of K _ 2O _ 1 and K _ (2) were screened. Some of them were identified as Bacillus amylolyticus F _ 1 as Streptomyces gravis Z4 and Trichoderma viride P _ 2 as verrucous cyanobacterium. The results showed that there was no antagonistic effect between the two strains, P6, P6, Bacillus subtilis T1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKK, Lactobacillus lactic acid strain BY1 and the engineering strain Trichoderma kangningtii (FTFTFT), and the strains X1, X2, X3, X1, F1, F1, and the engineering strain, Trichoderma kangningensis, were tested for antagonistic effect on the two strains, and the results showed that there was no antagonistic effect between the two strains, P6, Bacillus subtilis T1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FK, Lactobacillus sp. BY) and the engineering strain Trichoderma kangningensis. The compound bacterial agent was prepared. Through composting experiment, it was concluded that the participation of the two kinds of compound bacteria in experiment group 3 could make compost reach the standard of maturity, innocuity and high quality in a short period of time. The physical and chemical indexes of compost in the experiment group 3 after composting maturity were as follows: pH7.56, organic matter 565.42 g / kg, available phosphorus 2.76 g / kg, available potassium 13.8 mg / kg, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen 424.5 mg / kg. The combined action of the two kinds of compound fungicides not only released the nutrients, but also kept the nutrients from losing. The fertilizer efficiency of straw organic fertilizer was improved. 4. The experiment of sweet pepper cultivation showed that the experiment group 3 could make the soil change from acidic to slightly acidic, and the electrical conductivity was about 0.6mS/cm, which improved the soil acidification and salinization to a certain extent, and increased the content of organic matter in the soil. It can increase soil moisture content, decrease bulk density, increase total porosity, and prevent further formation of soil layer and occurrence of salt surface aggregation, while experimental group 3N4 has a better effect on promoting growth of sweet pepper seedlings. The results showed that when the amount of organic fertilizer in experimental group 3 was 30, the physical structure of soil was changed, the performance of soil aeration was improved, and the growth and development of sweet pepper seedlings were also promoted. In this study, the combination of a variety of functional strains combined with EM fungicides can increase the content of rapidly available oxygen in compost. The suitable addition of this biological straw organic fertilizer can enrich the soil and promote the formation of aggregate structure in the soil. Improved the soil aeration storage and fertilizer retention, thus promoting the growth of crops.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4;S156;S626

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 凌娟;李靜;劉茂昌;晏飛來;徐靜靜;魯倫惠;顏冬;;畜禽糞便污染治理的新思維[J];四川林業(yè)科技;2008年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張蓓;碳氮比及腐熟菌劑對玉米秸稈發(fā)酵的影響[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：1889407