本文選題：核桃 + 低溫�。� 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：核桃(Juglans regia L.)是重要的木本油料樹(shù)種,經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值很高。近年來(lái)晚霜凍害時(shí)有發(fā)生,損失極大。2013年河北省中南部4月18~20日發(fā)生的晚霜凍害,造成核桃減產(chǎn)60%~99%。為研究核桃晚霜凍害發(fā)生機(jī)理,在河北綠嶺果業(yè)有限公司示范園,于霜凍發(fā)生之前,研究了葉片和子房的過(guò)冷卻點(diǎn)、結(jié)冰點(diǎn)、電解質(zhì)滲出率、低溫半致死溫度、保護(hù)酶活性、滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量等生理指標(biāo);晚霜發(fā)生后研究了晚霜凍害情況及剪除受凍新梢后的效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:1.河北綠嶺果業(yè)有限公司6個(gè)基地晚霜發(fā)生當(dāng)天核桃均處于新梢伸長(zhǎng)期,夜間的最低溫度為-1.8~-3.7℃,不同基地核桃減產(chǎn)39%~99%;持續(xù)低溫指數(shù)與雌花保存率、平均單株坐果數(shù)呈極顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.958和0.923,與減產(chǎn)百分?jǐn)?shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.914。2.同一立地條件下,‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’6個(gè)品種的受凍指數(shù)分別為41.97%、52.65%、54.88%、67.58%、74.93%、99.67%;6個(gè)品種植株小于5 cm,5~10 cm,大于10 cm的新梢受凍指數(shù)均隨新梢長(zhǎng)度的增加逐漸增大,‘綠嶺’核桃3種長(zhǎng)度新梢的受凍指數(shù)分別為54.98%、64.01%、80.50%,‘清香’核桃3種長(zhǎng)度新梢的受凍指數(shù)分別為71.85%、81.33%、90.26%。3.不同立地條件下,‘綠嶺’在丘陵頂部和低洼部位的受凍指數(shù)分別為50%、98%;不同海拔條件下,‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’在海拔125 m時(shí)的受凍指數(shù)分別為45.93%、46.33%、54.18%、62.14%,在海拔114 m時(shí)均達(dá)到100%。4.單芽營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)總量均為長(zhǎng)枝高于短枝,晚霜凍害發(fā)生后的單芽營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)總量與副芽萌發(fā)后的新梢長(zhǎng)度呈正相關(guān);木質(zhì)部淀粉和全磷總量均與新梢長(zhǎng)度存在極顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.992、0.992。5.‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’葉片的過(guò)冷卻點(diǎn)和結(jié)冰點(diǎn)溫度均低于子房�！G嶺’葉片過(guò)冷卻點(diǎn)及結(jié)冰點(diǎn)較‘清香’低1.17℃、1.4℃,子房過(guò)冷卻點(diǎn)及結(jié)冰點(diǎn)較‘清香’低1.4℃、1.39℃;‘綠嶺’、‘香玲’葉片、子房的過(guò)冷卻點(diǎn),子房結(jié)冰點(diǎn)均極顯著低于其他品種,‘綠嶺’葉片結(jié)冰點(diǎn)極顯著低于其他品種。6.‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’葉片的低溫半致死溫度分別為-3.33℃、-2.96℃、-2.81℃、-2.63℃、-2.31℃、-2.25℃,其中‘綠嶺’極顯著低于其他品種;子房的低溫半致死溫度分別為-2.62℃、-2.58℃、-2.39℃、-2.05℃、-1.80℃、-1.07℃,‘綠嶺’與‘香玲’無(wú)顯著差異,但極顯著低于其他品種。7.‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’葉片和子房的SOD、POD活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量均隨著溫度的降低,呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),6個(gè)品種葉片SOD、POD活性、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量達(dá)到最大值的溫度分別為-4℃、-4℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃,子房SOD、POD活性達(dá)到最大值的溫度分別為-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-2℃、-2℃;葉片可溶性糖含量達(dá)到最高值的溫度分別為-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃,子房可溶性糖含量達(dá)到最高值的溫度分別為-3℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃。8.‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’葉片和子房的MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、O2-·產(chǎn)生速率均隨溫度的下降而升高,不同品種上升幅度與達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)溫度存在差異,在-5℃時(shí)均達(dá)到最大值。9.霜凍發(fā)生當(dāng)天立即剪除受凍新梢的核桃植株,10 d后副芽、休眠芽萌發(fā)率和坐果率分別為80.84%、27.75%,自然放置受凍新梢的分別為41.16%、12.22%。10.對(duì)不同品種保護(hù)酶活性、有毒物質(zhì)積累、滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)得出,‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’和‘清香’葉片平均隸屬度分別為0.531、0.530、0.523、0.493、0.486、0.483,子房平均隸屬度分別為0.518、0.487、0.486、0.463、0.461、0.431,表明6個(gè)品種的抗霜凍能力由強(qiáng)到弱依次為‘綠嶺’,‘香玲’,‘遼寧1號(hào)’,‘上宋6號(hào)’,‘中林1號(hào)’,‘清香’。
[Abstract]:Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important woody oil tree species with high economic value. In recent years, late frost damage occurred in late frost. The loss of late frost damage occurred on 18~20 day in central and southern Hebei Province on April, resulting in the reduction of walnut production 60%~99%. as a study of the mechanism of late frost damage to walnut, in Hebei green Ling fruit industry limited company demonstration park, frost and frost. Before the occurrence, the over cooling point of leaf and ovary, freezing point, electrolyte exudation rate, low temperature half lethal temperature, protective enzyme activity, osmotic substance content and other physiological indexes were studied. After late frost, late frost damage and the effect of cutting off the frozen shoots were studied. The results showed that 1. late frost of 6 bases in Hebei green ridge Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. On the day of occurrence, the walnut was at the elongation stage of the new shoot, the lowest temperature at night was -1.8~-3.7 C, and the yield of different base walnuts was reduced by 39%~99%. The constant low temperature index and the conservation rate of the female flowers were very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was 0.958 and 0.923 respectively, and the correlation coefficient was -0.914.2. identical. Under the conditions, the freezing index of "green ridge", 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' were 41.97%, 52.65%, 54.88%, 67.58%, 74.93%, 99.67%, respectively, 6 varieties were less than 5 cm, 5~10 cm, and the freezing index of the shoots greater than 10 cm increased gradually with the increase of shoot length, 'green ridge'. The freezing index of 3 length new shoots of walnut were 54.98%, 64.01%, 80.50%, and the freezing index of 3 length new shoots of "Qingxiang" walnut were 71.85%, 81.33%, and 90.26%.3., respectively, under different site conditions, the freezing index of "green ridge" at the top and low-lying parts of the hilly was 50%, 98%, and under different altitudes, 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', ' The freezing index of 'Lin 1', 'Shang song 6' at 125 m altitude was 45.93%, 46.33%, 54.18%, 62.14%. At the altitude of 114 m, the total amount of 100%.4. single bud nutrients were both long branches higher than the short branches, and the total amount of single bud nutrients after the late frost injury was positively correlated with the length of the new shoots after the bud germination; the total lignin starch and total phosphorus were total. There is a very significant positive correlation between the length and the length of the new shoots. The correlation coefficients are 0.992,0.992.5. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', and the temperature of the over cooling point and freezing point of 'Qingxiang' leaves are lower than that of the ovary. The over cooling point and the freezing point of the ovary were 1.4 degrees lower than that of "Qingxiang", 1.39 degrees centigrade, 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling' leaves, the supercooling points of the ovary, and the freezing points of the ovary were significantly lower than those of the other varieties. The ice point of the green ridge leaf was significantly lower than that of the other varieties.6. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', The low temperature and semi lethal temperature of "Qingxiang" leaves were -3.33, -2.96, -2.81, -2.63, -2.31, and -2.25, respectively, of which 'green ridge' was significantly lower than that of other varieties; the low temperature semi lethal temperature of the ovary was -2.62, -2.58, -2.39, -2.05, -1.80, -1.07, and 'Xiang Ling'. Lower than other varieties.7. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' leaves and ovary SOD, POD activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature, and 6 varieties of leaves have reached SOD, POD activity and soluble protein content. The maximum temperature was -4 C, -4, -3, -3, -3 and -3. The temperature of the SOD and POD in the ovary was -3, -3, -3, -3, and temperature, respectively. The temperature of the soluble sugar content reached the highest value, and the temperature of the soluble sugar content reached the highest value respectively. For -3 C, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,.8. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' leaves and ovary MDA content, proline content and O2- production rate all increased with the decrease of temperature, and the difference between the range of different varieties and the highest point temperature was different at -5 C. To reach the maximum value of.9., the walnut plants that were cut off the frozen shoots immediately after the frost occurred, the buds after 10 d, the germination rate and the fruit setting rate of the dormant buds were 80.84%, 27.75% respectively, and 41.16% of the frozen shoots were stored in the natural frozen shoots, and the 12.22%.10. for different varieties of protective enzymes, the accumulation of toxic substances, and the comprehensive evaluation of the content of osmotic substances. "Green ridge", 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1' and 'Qingxiang' leaf average membership degree is 0.531,0.530,0.523,0.493,0.486,0.483 respectively, and the average subordination of ovary is 0.518,0.487,0.486,0.463,0.461,0.431 respectively, indicating that the anti frost ability of 6 varieties is from strong to weak to 'Green Ridge', 'Xiang Ling'. "," Liaoning 1 "," Shang song 6 "," Zhong Lin 1 "," Qingxiang ".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S664.1;S425

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