發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-12 15:37

  本文選題：木炭 + 土壤　； 參考：《山西師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是全球最大的以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,作為人口大國(guó),如何有效地解決糧食問題是一個(gè)不可避免的研究課題。就黃土高原地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展情況來看,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)面臨著增產(chǎn)豐收及減少溫室氣體排放的雙重壓力。對(duì)富含木炭的巴西熱帶雨林黑土的土壤研究證實(shí),地球上光合作用合成的生物量在無(wú)氧條件下轉(zhuǎn)化為生物炭,返回土壤后,不僅可改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、增加土壤肥力,而且不被微生物降解可長(zhǎng)期保存在土壤中,螯合了生物碳,大大減少了溫室氣體的排放�？梢娡寥谰哂小靶钐砍亍钡淖饔谩Ｒ渣S土高原麥田土壤為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,通過向土壤中施加不同含量不同類型的木炭,應(yīng)用生物化學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)等手段,研究土壤封存生物炭對(duì)黃土高原麥田土壤中酶活性的影響及對(duì)小麥生長(zhǎng)的影響,明確小麥生長(zhǎng)、土壤健康狀況以及小麥產(chǎn)量隨生物炭添加的變化規(guī)律。1.通過分析小麥土壤各種酶活性的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,來研究向土壤中施加不同種類不同含量的木炭對(duì)土壤肥力及農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的影響情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明:土壤中木炭含量增加后,土壤中各種酶的活性大體呈先增長(zhǎng)后減少的趨勢(shì)。究其原因?yàn)槭┨磕艽龠M(jìn)土壤中酶活性的增強(qiáng),但是高含量的木炭會(huì)抑制酶活性的增長(zhǎng)。2.將樣品土壤滅菌后,加入木炭混勻,分別加入三種外加酶(纖維素酶,ALP,PPO),以探討施炭對(duì)土壤酶的作用機(jī)制的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明:施炭能有效地延長(zhǎng)酶的活性周期,使得土壤酶更好地發(fā)揮作用,以增強(qiáng)土壤活力。3.土壤中含有大量的金屬離子,其中大部分可以被農(nóng)作物作為養(yǎng)分吸收,少量的會(huì)對(duì)土壤產(chǎn)生污染,使得土壤結(jié)構(gòu)不適宜農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)。向土壤中施炭后,可以有效地增加金屬離子的活躍程度,還可以減少小麥對(duì)污染型重金屬鎘等有效吸收。4.農(nóng)作物在生長(zhǎng)過程中主要是通過根系在土壤中吸收水分和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。因此,有必要研究向土壤中施加不同種類不同含量的木炭對(duì)根系生長(zhǎng)的影響、銅。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明:木炭可以增加小麥根系酶類;施炭后,小麥根系有較大的活躍面積和總表面積;小麥根系的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均有有利影響。5.將小麥種植于加入不同種類、不同質(zhì)量的木炭的大田中,在相同的種植條件下,控制種植周期、施肥量、灌溉量及農(nóng)藥施用量,以得到不同條件下小麥的產(chǎn)量。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明土壤中施炭有利于小麥的生長(zhǎng),小麥的產(chǎn)量也有了顯著的增加。綜上所述,在一定含量范圍內(nèi),土壤中施炭有利于土壤酶活力的增強(qiáng),能增強(qiáng)土壤的肥力,對(duì)小麥的生長(zhǎng)有益。向土壤中施加不同種類不同含量的木炭,能有效地促進(jìn)土壤中金屬離子的活躍程度,能有效地降低有害金屬離子對(duì)土壤的污染。證明施炭對(duì)土壤酶活力、土壤肥力及農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)都有利。因此,通過施炭是增強(qiáng)土壤酶活力、土壤肥力,提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的有效途徑。本文旨在闡明施炭對(duì)土壤作用機(jī)制及小麥生長(zhǎng)的影響,為農(nóng)業(yè)低碳性、可持續(xù)性發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country with agriculture as the largest in the world. As a large population country, how to effectively solve the grain problem is an inevitable research topic. In the case of agricultural development in the Loess Plateau area, agricultural production is facing double pressure of increasing production and harvest and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Brazil heat rich in charcoal is high. The soil study with the black soil of the rainforest has proved that the biomass of photosynthesis on the earth is converted into biological carbon under oxygen free conditions. After returning to the soil, it can not only improve soil structure and increase soil fertility, but also can not be degraded by microorganisms for a long time in the soil, chelating the carbon of raw materials, greatly reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Visible soil is visible. The effect of the "carbon storage pool" was carried out. The effects of soil sequestration on the enzyme activity in the wheat field and the growth of wheat in the Loess Plateau were studied by applying different types of charcoal in different types of charcoal in the soil of the Loess Plateau, and the effects of soil sequestration on the wheat growth were studied. The effects of various kinds of charcoal on soil fertility and crop yield were studied by analyzing the dynamic changes of the activities of various enzymes in Wheat Soil by analyzing the changes of soil health and the variation of wheat yield with biological charcoal. The experimental data showed that after the increase of charcoal content in the soil, the.1. The reason for the activity of the species is the tendency to increase first and then decrease. The reason is that the application of carbon can promote the increase of enzyme activity in the soil, but the high content of the charcoal will inhibit the increase of enzyme activity. After the sterilization of the sample soil, the.2. added three additional enzymes (cellulose enzyme, ALP, PPO) to discuss the effect of carbon application on soil enzyme. The experimental results show that the application of carbon can effectively prolong the activity cycle of the enzyme, make the soil enzyme play a better role and enhance the soil vitality.3. soil contains a large number of metal ions, most of which can be absorbed by the crops as nutrients, a small amount of soil will pollute the soil, making the soil structure unsuitable for crop production. After applying carbon to soil, it can effectively increase the activity of metal ions and reduce the effective absorption of contaminated heavy metals, cadmium and other.4. crops in the process of growth, mainly by absorbing water and nutrients through the root system in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of different kinds of charcoal to the soil. The effect on the growth of root system, copper. Experimental results show that charcoal can increase the enzyme of wheat root system; after carbon application, the root of wheat has large active area and total surface area, and the various indexes of wheat root system have a favorable effect on.5. planting wheat in the field of charcoal with different kinds, different quantity of charcoal, under the same planting condition. The production cycle, fertilizer amount, irrigation amount and pesticide application were made to obtain the yield of wheat under different conditions. The experimental results showed that the application of carbon in soil was beneficial to the growth of wheat, and the yield of wheat had also increased significantly. In a certain range, the application of carbon in the soil was beneficial to the increase of soil enzyme activity and the increase of soil. Fertility is beneficial to the growth of wheat. The application of different kinds of charcoal to soil can effectively promote the activity of metal ions in the soil, effectively reduce the pollution of harmful metal ions to soil. It is proved that carbon application is beneficial to soil enzyme activity, soil fertility and growth of agricultural products. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the effect of carbon application on the mechanism of soil and the growth of wheat, and to provide a scientific basis for the low carbon and sustainable development of agriculture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S141;S512.1

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