本文選題：氮沉降 + 林齡��； 參考：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類活動引起的氮沉降對全球生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能是一個巨大的威脅,土壤動物對環(huán)境變化反應(yīng)敏感,氮沉降可能顯著影響森林土壤動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)。從2012年5月起,在東臺林場三個不同林齡楊樹人工林(黑楊派無性系I-35,Populus deltoides cv.‘I-35’)進行野外模擬氮沉降試驗,共設(shè)置5個處理,即對照、5、10、15、30 g N·m-2·a-1氮添加。在氮添加控制試驗進行3個生長季后,探討氮沉降對不同林齡(6、10、17年生)楊樹人工林土壤動物群落的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)隨著林齡增長,林分土壤動物群落個體密度增加,土壤動物的物種豐富度下降;主要表現(xiàn)為優(yōu)勢類群甲螨亞目、前氣門亞目的個體密度隨林齡的增長而增加。凋落物層的土壤動物密度小于土層,并且在6年生林最大,而土壤層中卻相反。隨土層的加深,土壤動物數(shù)量和類群數(shù)均呈下降趨勢。(2)土壤動物群落在各月份出現(xiàn)的類群數(shù)大小依次為:6月9月3月12月。隨取樣時間,各林齡林分土壤動物總密度有不同的變化趨勢,密度最小的月份都為12月,6月和9月密度較大。(3)土壤動物密度隨施氮濃度增加呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢;15和30 g N·m-2·a-1濃度氮添加增加了土壤動物的優(yōu)勢度,使得多樣性和均勻性降低;氮添加對各層土壤動物密度的增加有促進作用,特別是10和15 g N·m-2·a-1中等濃度的氮添加,但氮添加并沒有改變土壤動物群落的表聚性特征。(4)15和30 g N·m-2·a-1濃度氮添加引起土壤pH值和C/N值呈下降趨勢,NO3--N和TN含量增加,從而導(dǎo)致土壤動物群落的密度、類群數(shù)和多樣性的降低。土壤動物群落多樣性的時間變化規(guī)律與氣溫和降雨量的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律一致。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen deposition caused by human activities is a great threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem service function. Soil animals are sensitive to environmental changes and nitrogen deposition may significantly affect forest soil fauna community structure. Field simulated nitrogen deposition experiments were carried out in three poplar plantations of different ages (I-35Populus deltoides cv. I-35) in Dongtai Forest Farm from May 2012. Five treatments were set up, namely, the control was 101530g N m-2 a-1 nitrogen addition. The effects of nitrogen deposition on soil fauna community of poplar plantations were studied after three growth seasons with nitrogen addition control test. The results showed that with the increase of forest age, the individual density of soil fauna community increased, and the species richness of soil fauna decreased. The density of soil fauna in litter layer was lower than that in soil layer, and was the highest in 6 years old forest, but opposite in soil layer. With the deepening of soil layer, the number of soil fauna and group showed a downward trend. 2) the number of soil fauna community in each month appeared in order: June, September, March, December. With the sampling time, the total density of soil animals varied in different stand ages. In June and September, the density of soil animals increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration. The density of soil animals increased the dominance of soil animals by adding nitrogen concentration of 15 and 30 g N m-2 a-1. Nitrogen supplementation promoted the increase of soil animal density, especially the addition of 10 and 15 g N m-2 a-1. However, nitrogen supplementation did not change the characteristics of soil fauna community's apparent aggregation. The addition of N at concentrations of 415 and 30g N m-2 a-1 resulted in the decrease of soil pH value and C / N value, and the increase of no _ 3 N and TN contents, which resulted in the density of soil fauna community. Reduction of group number and diversity. The temporal variation of soil animal community diversity is consistent with the seasonal variation of temperature and rainfall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.3

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