本文選題：土壤動物 + 農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤動物作為土壤圈中一個重要的生物因子,它的生存活動影響著土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)以及土壤的理化性質(zhì),并在土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)與能量流動中扮演著重要的角色。在農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,土壤動物具有不可替代的作用,它可以促進農(nóng)作物對養(yǎng)分的吸收利用,改善農(nóng)田土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境,加快修復(fù)農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的生態(tài)功能。目前對長白山地土壤動物的研究多集中在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng),而對農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究較為薄弱。因此,本研究于2015年的春季、夏季和秋季分別對長白山地玄武巖臺地、花崗巖低山區(qū)、花崗巖丘陵區(qū)的玉米田土壤動物進行研究,可為維護和管理長白山地農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究運用單因素方差分析比較不同地貌類型、土層、季節(jié)土壤動物個體密度的差異性。運用主成分分析(PCA)研究土壤動物類群組成的季節(jié)動態(tài)。采用多樣性指數(shù)(H)、豐富度指數(shù)(D)、均勻度指數(shù)(e)表示各地貌類型土壤動物群落的多樣性特征。最后運用冗余分析(RDA)來探討土壤動物類群組成與主要土壤環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系,并得出以下主要結(jié)論：(1)長白山地三種地貌類型的農(nóng)田區(qū)共獲得土壤動物42類,2956只,隸屬于3門7綱15目。其中大型土壤動物為29類,377只；中小型土壤動物為26類,2579只。大型土壤動物中的蟻科,中小型土壤動物中的甲螨亞目和等節(jié)跳蟲科是各地貌類型的共有優(yōu)勢類群,代表了長白山地農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤動物的主要成分。(2)從水平分布及季節(jié)動態(tài)來看,大型土壤動物與中小型土壤動物個體密度和類群數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為花崗巖低山區(qū)最低。而各地貌類型大型土壤動物季節(jié)動態(tài)不明顯,中小型土壤動物隨季節(jié)變化差異顯著。其中玄武巖臺地中小型土壤動物個體密度夏季達最高,花崗巖低山區(qū)和花崗巖丘陵區(qū)在秋季達最高。不同季節(jié),各地貌類型土壤動物類群組成在夏季差異最明顯,且玄武巖臺地各季節(jié)土壤動物類群組成差別最大。(3)從垂直分布及季節(jié)動態(tài)來看,各地貌類型大型和中小型土壤動物個體密度均為0-5cm層5-10cm層10-15cm層。其中玄武巖臺地土壤動物在夏季具有明顯的表聚性,花崗巖低山區(qū)和花崗巖丘陵區(qū)土壤動物則在春季表聚性最強。(4)從多樣性特征及季節(jié)動態(tài)來看,花崗巖丘陵區(qū)土壤動物多樣性最高,花崗巖低山區(qū)最低。不同季節(jié),玄武巖臺地土壤動物多樣性夏季達最高,花崗巖低山區(qū)和花崗巖丘陵區(qū)土壤動物多樣性隨季節(jié)變化不明顯。(5)冗余分析(RDA)表明,甲螨亞目、蟻科主要受土壤pH、土壤有機質(zhì)、土壤含水率的影響；圓跳蟲科、球角跳蟲科主要受土壤全氮和全鉀的影響；等節(jié)跳蟲科、革螨亞目主要受土壤溫度的影響。
[Abstract]:Soil fauna is an important biological factor in soil circle, its survival activities affect soil structure and physical and chemical properties of soil, and play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and energy flow. Soil animals play an irreplaceable role in farmland ecosystem, which can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, improve the ecological environment of farmland soil, and accelerate the restoration of the ecological function of farmland ecosystem degradation. At present, the study of soil fauna in Changbai Mountain is mainly focused on forest ecosystem, but the study on farmland ecosystem is relatively weak. Therefore, in the spring, summer and autumn of 2015, the soil fauna of cornfield in Changbai Mountain basalt platform, granite low mountain area and granite hilly area were studied respectively. It can provide scientific basis for the maintenance and management of farmland ecosystem in Changbai Mountain. In this study, single factor variance analysis was used to compare the individual density of soil animals in different geomorphological types, soil layers and seasons. The seasonal dynamics of soil fauna composition were studied by principal component analysis (PCAA). The diversity characteristics of soil fauna communities of different geomorphological types were expressed by using diversity index (H ~ +), richness index (D ~ (+)) and evenness index (n ~ (e)). Finally, the relationship between the composition of soil animal groups and the main soil environmental factors was studied by using redundancy analysis (RDA), and the following main conclusions were drawn: 1) in three types of landforms of Changbai Mountain, 2 956 soil animals were obtained. It belongs to 3 phylums, 7 classes, 15 orders. Among them, there are 377 macrofauna in 29 classes and 2579 in middle and small soil fauna. Formicidae in macrofauna, demacaridae and isodontidae in small and medium-sized soil fauna are the common dominant groups of all geomorphological types. It represents the main composition of soil fauna in farmland ecosystem of Changbai Mountain. In terms of horizontal distribution and seasonal dynamics, the individual density and group number of macrofauna and small and medium-sized soil fauna are the lowest in the low mountain area of granite. However, the seasonal dynamics of macrofauna were not obvious in different geomorphologic types, and there were significant differences between small and medium soil animals. The individual density of small and medium-sized soil fauna reached the highest in summer in basalt platform, and the highest in autumn in low granite mountain area and granite hilly area. In different seasons, soil fauna groups of different geomorphological types showed the most obvious difference in summer, and the soil fauna groups of basalt terraces in different seasons showed the greatest difference.) from the vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics, the soil fauna groups of different geomorphology types were most different in summer. The individual density of large and medium sized soil fauna in each geomorphologic type is 0-5cm layer, 5-10cm layer, 10-15cm layer. Among them, the soil fauna of basalt platform has obvious apparent accumulation in summer, and the soil animal of granite low mountain area and granite hilly area has the strongest apparent accumulation in spring. The diversity of soil animals was the highest in granite hilly area and the lowest in low granite mountain area. In different seasons, the diversity of soil fauna in basalt platform reached the highest in summer, and the diversity of soil fauna in granite low mountain area and granite hilly area was not obvious with seasonal variation. The ant family is mainly affected by soil pH, soil organic matter and soil moisture content; the family Trigonidae is mainly affected by soil total nitrogen and total potassium; and the phylopteridae and gamasid suborder are mainly affected by soil temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S154

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