本文選題：地統(tǒng)計學(xué) + 空間異質(zhì)性　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林土壤是維持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)性的重要組成部分,由于受到成土母質(zhì)、地形、氣候等自然因素和人為因素的影響,土壤在空間尺度上表現(xiàn)為非均質(zhì)體,高度空間變異性是土壤的重要自然屬性之一。土壤養(yǎng)分在其中顯現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜的鑲嵌性,對其含量、分布等空間特征及影響因素進行研究,對于了解土壤活動、土壤肥力評價、施肥控制、植被更新過程、林木的產(chǎn)量分析和環(huán)境保護等具有重要的參考價值,并有助于外推預(yù)測采樣區(qū)域外的土壤特征。應(yīng)用地統(tǒng)計學(xué)的方法對土壤空間異質(zhì)性的研究相對于傳統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計方法更為準(zhǔn)確、直觀,本研究以湘中石櫟(Lithocarpus glaber)-青岡(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)常綠闊葉林為研究對象,使用地統(tǒng)計學(xué)的半方差函數(shù)方法和基于區(qū)域化變量理論的地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計軟件GS+對目標(biāo)區(qū)域內(nèi)的100個10 m 10 m樣地取得的不同深度的300份土壤樣本進行了碳貯量和全鉀的空間特征進行研究,同時對可能引起空間變異的影響因素如地形因子(坡度、坡向、海拔和凸凹度)、凋落物量等進行了統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,為揭示其影響因素及作用機理,了解該林型的土壤養(yǎng)分特征并在此基礎(chǔ)上合理進行林地管理和保護生態(tài)環(huán)境提供科學(xué)參考。結(jié)果表明：青岡-石礫常綠闊葉林0-30 cm土壤碳貯量平均值為21.21t·hm-2,達到了中等變異強度,土壤碳貯量均值隨土層深度增加而減小,3個層次土壤碳貯量均符合指數(shù)模型分布,具有明顯的空間異質(zhì)性。通過半函數(shù)方差分析,在10-20 cm土層土壤碳貯量的空間結(jié)構(gòu)比C/(Co+C)大于0.7,表明此土層碳貯量具有中等強度的空間自相關(guān)性,0-10 cm、20-30 cm和0-30 cm層土壤碳貯量的空間結(jié)構(gòu)比C/C0+C)大于0.9,表明表層土壤和深層土壤的C貯量具有較弱的空間自相關(guān)性。各土層土壤碳貯量與海拔高度、坡度和凹凸度均呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系,但未達到顯著水平,說明土壤C貯量的變化受地形因子影響較小。0-30 cm土壤鉀含量平均值為28.04 g·kg-1,為中等變異強度,具有明顯的空間異質(zhì)性。除20-30 cm土層中K含量符合線性模型外,0-10 cm和10-20 cm土層和0-30 cm土層K含量符合球狀模型分布,各土層土壤K含量具有較強的空間自相關(guān)性。0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm和0-30 cm土層中K含量的空間自相關(guān)變程范圍分別為37.51 m、25.38 m、39.78 m和28.92 m,土壤K含量有較小的空間異質(zhì)性尺度。各土層K含量隨地形的變化趨勢較為明顯,表現(xiàn)為斑塊狀空間分布,低值出現(xiàn)在中下部的山脊,高值出現(xiàn)在上部山脊和西南角的部分溝谷。土壤K含量與海拔高度、土壤粘粒含量呈顯著的正相關(guān),K含量的空間異質(zhì)性主要受成土母質(zhì)和地形等結(jié)構(gòu)因素影響。
[Abstract]:Forest soil is an important component of maintaining the sustainability of forest ecosystem. Due to the influence of natural and human factors such as parent material, topography, climate and so on, the soil is heterogeneous on spatial scale. High spatial variability is one of the important natural attributes of soil. Soil nutrients show complex mosaic. The spatial characteristics and influencing factors, such as content, distribution and so on, are studied to understand soil activity, soil fertility evaluation, fertilization control, vegetation regeneration process, etc. The analysis of forest yield and environmental protection has important reference value and is helpful to extrapolate and predict the soil characteristics outside the sampling area. The study of soil spatial heterogeneity by geostatistics was more accurate and intuitionistic than traditional statistical methods. The evergreen broad-leaved forest of Lithocarpus glaberus-Cyclobalanopsis glauca was studied in this study. Using the semi-variance function method of geostatistics and the geostatistics software GS based on regionalization variable theory, the carbon storage and total potassium of 300 soil samples of different depths obtained from 100 10 m 10 m sample plots in the target area were studied. To study the spatial characteristics of, At the same time, the influence factors of spatial variation, such as slope, slope direction, elevation and concavity, litter quantity and so on, were analyzed statistically, in order to reveal the influencing factors and mechanism. To understand the soil nutrient characteristics of this forest type and to provide scientific reference for forest land management and ecological environment protection. The results showed that the average value of soil carbon storage in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was 21.21 t 路m ~ (-2), and the mean value of soil carbon storage decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil carbon storage of the three layers was in accordance with the exponential model distribution. It has obvious spatial heterogeneity. Through the analysis of variance of half function, The spatial structure of soil carbon storage in 10-20 cm soil layer is greater than that of C/(Co C, which indicates that the spatial structure of carbon storage in this soil layer is of moderate spatial correlation (0-10 cm ~ (-1) 20-30 cm and 0-30 cm ~ (-1), which indicates that the spatial structure of carbon storage in this soil layer is greater than that in C/C0 _ (C) layer. The C storage of soil and deep soil has weak spatial autocorrelation. Soil carbon storage in each soil layer was negatively correlated with elevation, slope and concavity, but not significant, indicating that the variation of soil C storage was less affected by topographic factors. The average value of soil potassium content was 28.04 g 路kg ~ (-1), which was a moderate variation intensity. It has obvious spatial heterogeneity. K content in 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 0-30 cm soil layers was in accordance with the distribution of spherical model except that K content in 20-30 cm soil layer was in accordance with linear model. The spatial autocorrelation range of K content in 0-10 cm ~ (10) cm ~ (-1) ~ (-20) cm ~ (-1) and 0-30 cm soil layer was 37.51 m ~ 25.38 m ~ (39.78 m) and 28.92 m, respectively. The soil K content had a small spatial heterogeneity scale. The variation trend of K content in each soil layer with topography is obvious, showing patch spatial distribution, the low value appears in the middle and lower part of the ridge, the high value appears in the upper ridge and part of the valley in the southwest corner. The spatial heterogeneity of soil K content and soil clay content was significantly positively correlated with the elevation of soil. The spatial heterogeneity of soil K content was mainly affected by soil parent material and topography and other structural factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714

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