本文選題：GIS + 耕地地力評價　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地與人類的生活息息相關,糧食的質量、產(chǎn)量和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性都由耕地的地力水平直接決定。六安市耕地的后備資源比較匱乏、基礎設施也較為薄弱,隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要,還將會繼續(xù)占用一定的耕地,人口增長而耕地減少,土地特別是耕地的供需矛盾將更加突出。為了更好的管理土地資源特別是耕地資源,緩解人地矛盾,更加合理科學的施肥,耕地地力評價工作勢在必行。本研究以六安市為研究區(qū)域,以GIS技術及縣域耕地資源管理信息系統(tǒng)軟件(CLRMIS)和SQL分析等為平臺基礎,以2009-2011年六安市各縣區(qū)測土配方數(shù)據(jù)為基礎數(shù)據(jù),利用GIS軟件對六安市行政區(qū)劃圖、六安市土壤圖以及六安市土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖進行疊加,通過ArcGIS普通克里金插值法、圖件疊置法和"以點帶面"三種方法相結合對單元賦值形成耕地資源管理單元,最大程度的保證數(shù)據(jù)賦值的精準性;運用德爾菲法選擇評價指標、層次分析法確定評價因子的權重、累加法計算耕地地力綜合指數(shù),通過累積頻率曲線法結合當?shù)貙嶋H劃分六安市耕地地力等級,開展了六安市耕地地力評價。根據(jù)我國第二次土壤普查時的土壤養(yǎng)分分級標準,六安市有機質含量整體處于中等偏低的水平,處于中等、缺乏含量水平的耕地土壤占耕地總面積分別為37.85%、54.14%,六安市耕地各土類及各利用類型有機質均處于缺乏的水平,粗骨土、黑色石灰土和紫色土及水田有機質相對較高;耕地土壤全氮含量90%處于中等及較豐的水平,黃褐土、黑色石灰土、粗骨土以及水田的全氮含量相對較高;速效鉀含量也普遍較低,處于中等、缺乏含量水平的耕地土壤占耕地總面積分別為36.08%、60.23%,六安市各土類及土地利用類型速效鉀水平均處于缺乏水平,砂姜黑土和黃褐土以及水澆地含量相對較高;耕地土壤有效磷的含量84%處于中等及較豐的水平,砂姜黑土、黃褐土、潮土、水稻土以及水澆地的土壤有效磷含量相對較高。六安市有機質、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀的變異系數(shù)分別為0.33、0.41、0.57、0.46,均屬于中等變異,土壤養(yǎng)分的變異性有效磷速效鉀全氮有機質。六安市耕地地力評價采用累加法計算耕地地力綜合指數(shù),并通過累積頻率曲線法結合當?shù)貙嶋H劃分耕地地力等級,將六安市耕地地力等級劃分為五個等級:六安市一等地面積56115.4公頃,占耕地面積的8%,主要分布在霍邱縣、金安區(qū)、裕安區(qū),各種評價指標均相對良好,是六安市最好的農(nóng)田耕地;二等地面積164977.1公頃,占耕地面積的25%,主要分布在霍邱縣、壽縣、金安區(qū),地勢較平坦,土層深厚,灌排條件良好,養(yǎng)分水平中等;三等地面積230803.3,占耕地面積的34%,主要分布在霍邱縣、壽縣、裕安區(qū)、金安區(qū),表層質地適中,耕性良好,土壤養(yǎng)分含量多屬于中等,但速效鉀含量缺乏,灌溉條件較差;四等地面積159235.6,占耕地面積24%,主要分布在壽縣、舒城縣、裕安區(qū)、霍邱縣,有障礙層次,排灌條件不好,有的有輕度水土流失,易旱易澇,同時耕層淺,產(chǎn)量水平低;五等地面積63115.6公頃,占耕地面積的9%,主要分布在舒城縣、霍山縣,排澇不暢,易受澇害,土壤養(yǎng)分含量低,水利設施落后,灌溉條件差易旱,可耕性差。運用GIS技術對六安市耕地地力進行調查和評價,相對傳統(tǒng)的方法來講,更省時、省力、精準、高效,也加快了耕地地力評價的結果應用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,服務于農(nóng)民,為農(nóng)技人員指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、管理土地提供決策支持,同時為農(nóng)民科學施肥提供技術支撐和指導,更好的指導耕地的高效、合理利用,為農(nóng)業(yè)增效,為農(nóng)民增收。
[Abstract]:The cultivated land is closely related to the human life. The quality of grain, the yield and the sustainability of the agricultural production are determined directly by the level of the cultivated land. The reserve resources of cultivated land in Lu'an are relatively scarce and the infrastructure is weak. With the need of economic development, the cultivated land will continue to occupy a certain amount of cultivated land, the population growth and the land decrease, land In particular, the contradiction between supply and demand of cultivated land will be more prominent. In order to better manage land resources, especially cultivated land resources, alleviate the contradiction between human and land, more rational and scientific fertilization, the evaluation work of cultivated land is imperative. This study takes the Lu'an city as the research area, the GIS technology and the county ploughing land resource management information system software (CLRMIS) and the SQL analysis. On the basis of the platform, based on the data of 2009-2011 years' soil testing data in Lu'an County, this paper uses the GIS software to superimpose the administrative division map of Lu'an, the soil map of Lu'an and the status map of the land use in Lu'an, and combines the ArcGIS common Kriging interpolation method, the image superposition method and the "point and the surface" to the unit. The value of arable land resources management unit is formed to ensure the accuracy of data assignment, using the Delphy Fa selection evaluation index, the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of evaluation factors, the calculation of the comprehensive index of the cultivated land force by the cumulated method, and the classification of cultivated land in Lu'an by the cumulative frequency curve method and the local practice, and the Lu'an city is carried out. According to the classification standard of soil nutrients in the second soil survey in China, the organic matter content in Lu'an is in the middle level, and the total area of cultivated land in the lack of content level is 37.85% and 54.14% respectively. The soil types and the organic matters of various types of cultivated land in Lu'an are in lack. The level, coarse soil, black calcareous soil and purple soil and paddy field organic matter are relatively high; the total nitrogen content of cultivated soil is 90% in medium and abundant level, the total nitrogen content of yellow cinnamon soil, black calcareous soil, coarse bone soil and paddy field is relatively high; the content of available potassium is also generally low, in the middle, the lack of content level of cultivated soil occupies the total arable land. The area of the soil and land use types in Lu'an is 36.08%, 60.23% respectively. The soil and land use types of available K are at a low level. The content of the black soil and the yellow cinnamon and the irrigated land is relatively high, and the content of the available phosphorus in the cultivated land is 84% at the middle and more abundant levels, and the available phosphorus in the black soil, the yellow cinnamon soil, the paddy soil, the paddy soil, and the soil of the water. The variation coefficient of organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus and quick available potassium in Lu'an city is 0.33,0.41,0.57,0.46, which are of medium variation, and the variation of soil nutrients is effective in available P available K. The comprehensive index of cultivated land force is calculated by Cumulation method and combined with cumulative frequency curve method. The local level of cultivated land is divided into five grades in Lu'an. The first class area of Lu'an is 56115.4 hectares, accounting for 8% of the cultivated land. It is mainly distributed in Huoqiu, Jinan and Yu 'an areas. All the evaluation indexes are relatively good, and the best farmland in Lu'an, and the area of two is 164977.1 hectares. 25% of the ground area is mainly distributed in Huoqiu, Shouxian County and Jinan District, with flat topography, deep soil layer, good irrigation and drainage conditions and moderate nutrient level; three equal land area is 230803.3, accounting for 34% of cultivated land, mainly in Huoqiu County, Shouxian County, Yu 'an area and Jinan District. The surface of the surface is moderate, and the soil nutrient content is medium, but the soil nutrient content is mostly medium, but quick effect Lack of potassium content, poor irrigation conditions, four equal land area of 159235.6, accounting for 24% of cultivated land, mainly in Shouxian County, Shucheng County, Yu 'an area and Huoqiu County, with barrier levels, poor drainage conditions, mild soil erosion, easy drought and waterlogging, shallow plough layer, low yield level, and five land area of 63115.6 hectares, accounting for 9% of cultivated land. In Shucheng County, Mount Holyoke County, Mount Holyoke County, the flood drainage is not smooth, the waterlogging is easy, the soil nutrient content is low, the water conservancy facilities are backward, the irrigation condition is poor and the PLOUGHABILITY is poor. The use of GIS technology to investigate and evaluate the cultivated land in Lu'an is more time-saving, precise and efficient. In the production of the industry, it serves farmers, provides decision-making support for agricultural technicians to guide agricultural production and management of land, and provides technical support and guidance for farmers' scientific fertilization. It can better guide the efficient and rational use of cultivated land, increase efficiency for agriculture, and increase income for farmers.

【學位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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