本文選題：錳 + 磷��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球林地面積的60%甚至更多為酸性土壤。錳(Mn)是酸性土壤上僅次于鋁的危害因素。酸性土壤Mn毒、缺磷和缺鉀并存,外生菌根真菌(ECMF)抗(耐)Mn和利用土壤磷鉀的能力對(duì)樹木適應(yīng)酸土環(huán)境、提高森林生產(chǎn)力、植樹造林和治理Mn污染有重要意義。論文采用液體培養(yǎng)方法,在培養(yǎng)液中加入不同濃度的Mn,以大白菇Rd(Russula delica Fr.)、彩色豆馬勃Pt 715(Pisolithus tinctorius 715)、土生空?qǐng)F(tuán)菌Cg(Cenococcum geophilum Fr.)和厚環(huán)粘蓋牛肝菌Sg[Suillus grevillei(Kl.)Sing]等ECMF為供試菌種(株),研究了Mn對(duì)ECMF生長、養(yǎng)分吸收、有機(jī)酸和氫離子(H~+)分泌的影響,以及Mn在菌絲中的分布。并在Mn脅迫條件下,以土壤為磷鉀源,研究了ECMF生長、有機(jī)酸和H~+分泌,及對(duì)土壤磷鉀活化利用作用等,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同菌種(株)對(duì)Mn的敏感程度不同。在Mn脅迫時(shí),ECMF的抗(耐)Mn能力為RdSgPt 715Cg;Rd和Pt 715的解磷能力強(qiáng)于Cg;Rd和Pt 715的解鉀能力優(yōu)于Cg和Sg,由此可見,南方菌株Rd和Pt 715比北方菌株更適應(yīng)高M(jìn)n、低磷和缺鉀多重脅迫的生長環(huán)境。2.ECMF菌絲內(nèi),Mn絕大部份存在于質(zhì)外體,少量進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi),前者是后者的5.23~9.21倍,說明原生質(zhì)膜是外生菌根真菌防御Mn進(jìn)入細(xì)胞的重要屏障。3.Mn脅迫條件下,ECMF的磷含量和吸收量增加,菌種(株)表現(xiàn)呈多樣性。在減輕Mn毒的過程中,菌絲體內(nèi)磷酸鹽(或聚磷酸鹽)對(duì)Mn固定作用有利于ECMF拮抗Mn毒。4.Mn脅迫條件下,抗性較強(qiáng)的Rd和Sg分泌H~+的速率顯著降低,菌絲和原生質(zhì)的Mn含量也顯著低于敏感性菌株,說明降低Mn的活性和減少吸收有益于ECMF抗(耐)Mn。5.Mn脅迫條件下,ECMF分泌的有機(jī)酸種類和數(shù)量因菌種(株)不同而異。ECMF均能分泌草酸,抗Mn性強(qiáng)的菌種(株)分泌草酸較多,抗性差者則較少。草酸對(duì)Mn2+、Fe2/3+和Al2/3+等的絡(luò)合作用有益于降低外源有效Mn濃度,減輕毒害,活化土壤礦物中的磷鉀養(yǎng)分。6.Mn脅迫條件下,以土壤為磷源,ECMF能有效吸收極低濃度的外源磷(0.007~0.027 mg/L),供試菌種(株)均能降低土壤中的鋁磷、鐵磷和閉蓄態(tài)磷。對(duì)抗Mn性較強(qiáng)的菌種(Rd和Pt 715)而言,Mn對(duì)土壤無機(jī)磷總量的降幅無顯著影響;但對(duì)敏感的Cg來說,土壤無機(jī)磷總量的降幅顯著減少。說明Mn抑制Mn敏感型ECMF活化利用土壤無機(jī)磷。7.含Mn的培養(yǎng)液中,Rd、Pt 715和Cg的鉀含量和吸收量高于無Mn處理,在土壤水溶性鉀≤1.48 mg/kg時(shí),ECMF仍能有效吸收鉀離子;培養(yǎng)ECMF后,土壤水溶性鉀、交換性鉀和緩效鉀總量較原始土壤低,其降幅遠(yuǎn)低于ECMF的吸收量。因此,在Mn脅迫條件下,ECMF活化利用土壤礦物中的鉀。此外,適量的Mn促進(jìn)Rd、Pt 715和Cg活化利用土壤礦物結(jié)構(gòu)鉀,但在培養(yǎng)液中添加Mn則抑制Sg活化利用礦物結(jié)構(gòu)鉀。8.Mn脅迫條件下,以土壤為鉀源,隨著Mn濃度的增大,ECMF的H~+分泌量、吸鉀量和土壤礦物結(jié)構(gòu)鉀的降幅增加,說明適量的Mn刺激ECMF分泌H~+,分解含鉀礦物,促進(jìn)鉀吸收�？傊�,ECMF對(duì)Mn的抗(耐)性因菌種(株)不同而異,菌絲細(xì)胞膜是Mn進(jìn)入細(xì)胞物理屏障;在Mn脅迫條件下,ECMF通過調(diào)節(jié)磷吸收,有機(jī)酸(尤其是草酸)和H~+分泌拮抗Mn毒;Mn不同程度影響ECMF活化利用土壤難溶性無機(jī)磷及礦物結(jié)構(gòu)鉀,ECMF對(duì)于樹木適應(yīng)Mn毒、缺磷和缺鉀并存的酸性土壤有潛在作用。
[Abstract]:60% or more of the global woodland area is acid soil. Manganese (Mn) is a hazard only to aluminum in acid soil. Acid soil Mn poison, phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency coexist. The ability of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) to resist (tolerance) Mn and use soil phosphorus and potassium is important for trees to adapt to the acid soil environment, improve forest productivity, planting trees and harnessing Mn pollution. In this paper, the liquid culture method was used to add different concentrations of Mn in the culture solution, including the Rd (Russula Delica Fr.), the color bean Pt 715 (Pisolithus tinctorius 715), the Cg (Cenococcum geophilum Fr.) and the thick ring of the Boletus. The effects of ECMF growth, nutrient absorption, the secretion of organic acids and hydrogen ions (H~+) and the distribution of Mn in the mycelia. And under the condition of Mn stress, the growth of ECMF, the secretion of organic acids and H~+, and the activation and utilization of phosphorus and potassium in soil were studied under the condition of Mn stress. The main results were as follows: 1. the sensitivity of different strains to Mn was different. In Mn stress, the ability of ECMF to resist (resistant) Mn is RdSgPt 715Cg, Rd and Pt 715 is stronger than Cg, and Rd and Pt 715 are better than Cg and Sg. In the cell, the former is the 5.23~9.21 times of the latter, indicating that the protoplast membrane is an important barrier of the ectomycorrhizal fungi to defend the Mn into the cells. Under the condition of.3.Mn stress, the phosphorus content and absorption of ECMF are increased, and the strain (strain) shows diversity. In the process of reducing Mn toxicity, the immobilization of phosphate (or polyphosphate) to Mn in the mycelium is beneficial to the antagonism of ECMF. Under the stress of anti Mn virus.4.Mn, the rate of Rd and Sg secreting H~+ was significantly reduced, and the Mn content of mycelia and protoplasm was also significantly lower than that of the sensitive strain. It indicated that the reduction of the activity of Mn and the reduction of absorption were beneficial to ECMF resistance (resistant) Mn.5.Mn stress, and the species and quantity of organic acids secreted by ECMF were all different for the strain (strain). The secretion of oxalic acid and Mn resistant strains secrete more oxalic acid and less resistance. The complexation effect of oxalic acid on Mn2+, Fe2/3+ and Al2/3+ is beneficial to reduce the concentration of effective Mn, reduce the toxicity, and activate the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil mineral, under the condition of.6.Mn stress, soil soil is the phosphorus source, and ECMF can effectively absorb the extremely low concentration of exogenous phosphorus (0 7~0.027 mg/L), the test strain (strain) could reduce the amount of Al P, Fe, P and P in soil. Against Mn strong strains (Rd and Pt 715), Mn had no significant effect on the decrease of total inorganic phosphorus in soil, but to the sensitive Cg, the decrease of the total amount of inorganic phosphorus in the soil decreased significantly. It showed that Mn inhibited Mn sensitive ECMF activation and utilization of soil. The potassium content and absorption of Rd, Pt 715 and Cg were higher than that of no Mn in the medium phosphorus.7. containing Mn. ECMF still could absorb potassium ions effectively when soil water-soluble potassium was less than 1.48 mg/kg; after culture ECMF, the soil water-soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium and slow available potassium were lower than those of the original soil, and the decline was much lower than the absorption of ECMF. Therefore, the condition of Mn stress was under the condition of Mn stress. In addition, ECMF activates potassium in soil minerals. In addition, appropriate amount of Mn promotes Rd, Pt 715 and Cg activation and utilization of soil mineral structure potassium, but the addition of Mn in the medium inhibits Sg activation using mineral structure potassium.8.Mn stress, and the soil is potassium source, with the increase of Mn concentration, ECMF H~+ secretion, potassium uptake and soil mineral potassium. The decline increased, indicating that a proper amount of Mn stimulated ECMF to secrete H~+, decompose potassium containing minerals and promote potassium absorption. In a word, the anti (tolerance) resistance of ECMF to Mn varies with the strain (strain). The mycelial membrane is Mn into the cell physical barrier; under Mn stress, ECMF regulates phosphorus absorption, organic acids (especially oxalic acid) and H~+ secrete Mn toxicity; Mn is different degrees. ECMF can activate the utilization of soil insoluble inorganic phosphorus and mineral structure potassium, and ECMF has potential effects on trees adapting to Mn toxicity, Phosphorus Deficient and potassium deficient coexisting acidic soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714.6

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