本文選題：黃瓜 + 連作�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)因其高產(chǎn)、高效等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。與此同時(shí),農(nóng)民受到種植習(xí)慣以及對效益追求的影響,作物種植種類較單一,但隨著種植年限的延長,連作障礙現(xiàn)象已嚴(yán)重制約了蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前,土壤微生物被認(rèn)為是連作障礙的主要影響因子。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),連作及輪作種植模式改變了土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與豐度,且在輪作種植模式下提高了作物產(chǎn)量。但連作及輪作種植模式下不同微生物菌群對作物生長的反饋?zhàn)饔蒙胁磺宄�。為�?本試驗(yàn)在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群對黃瓜生長的反饋?zhàn)饔?利用Miseq測序技術(shù)研究了連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群對黃瓜土壤細(xì)菌、真菌菌群群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,利用q PCR技術(shù)分析了連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群對黃瓜土壤中的功能微生物菌群假單胞菌、芽孢桿菌的菌群豐度。探討土壤微生物菌群的變化是否在黃瓜幼苗生長中起作用。所得主要結(jié)果如下:(1)與連作土壤相比,輪作土壤細(xì)菌提高了酸桿菌門、擬桿菌門、綠彎菌門、酸桿菌綱、δ-變形菌綱、鞘脂桿菌綱、鞘脂桿菌目、黏球菌目、假單胞菌目、假單胞菌科、假單胞菌屬的豐度,降低了放線菌門、放線菌綱、γ-變形菌綱、α-變形菌綱、梭菌綱、芽單胞菌綱、梭菌科、鏈霉菌屬的豐度。與連作土壤相比,輪作土壤真菌降低了子囊菌門、座囊菌綱、糞殼菌綱、煤炱目、肉座菌目、糞殼菌目的豐度,提高了盤菌綱、盤菌目、散囊菌綱、傘菌目、糞銹傘科的豐度。(2)土壤滅菌試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,輪作與連作中黃瓜幼苗的全株、地上部、地下部鮮干重、總?cè)~面積和總?cè)~綠素含量產(chǎn)生差異的量大于滅菌輪作與滅菌連作產(chǎn)生差異的量。說明輪作與連作土壤中影響黃瓜生長的主要因素是土壤微生物。(3)植物-土壤反饋試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,取樣各個(gè)時(shí)期,接種輪作及連作土壤處理的黃瓜幼苗全株、地上部、地下部鮮干重、土壤脫氫酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶活性均高于接種滅菌連作及輪作土壤處理,10 d時(shí),接種輪作土壤處理的黃瓜幼苗全株、地上部鮮干重、土壤蔗糖酶活性均高于接種連作土壤處理,說明在黃瓜生長前期連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群促進(jìn)了黃瓜生長,表現(xiàn)為正反饋?zhàn)饔?且輪作土壤微生物菌群正反饋?zhàn)饔么笥谶B作土壤微生物菌群。(4)qPCR結(jié)果表明,接種連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群后,黃瓜土壤的細(xì)菌、真菌、假單胞菌及芽孢桿菌的數(shù)量均發(fā)生了顯著變化。接種連作及輪作土壤處理增加了土壤中細(xì)菌、真菌、假單胞菌及芽孢桿菌的數(shù)量,處理后的各時(shí)期,與接種連作土壤相比,接種輪作土壤處理的假單胞菌數(shù)量高于接種連作土壤處理。接種輪作土壤處理的真菌數(shù)量低于接種連作土壤處理。說明采用連作及輪作種植模式后,不同的土壤微生物菌群均可以提高黃瓜根際的菌群數(shù)量,且輪作土壤微生物菌群對土壤假單胞菌及土壤真菌數(shù)量的影響程度大于連作土壤微生物菌群。(5)Miseq測序結(jié)果表明,連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群改變了黃瓜土壤細(xì)菌和真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu),與接種連作土壤處理相比,接種輪作土壤處理中細(xì)菌提高了放線菌門、綠彎菌門、變形菌門、放線菌綱、α-變形菌綱、根瘤菌目、鞘脂單胞菌目、假單胞菌目、鞘脂單胞菌科、假單胞菌科、鞘脂單胞菌屬、假單胞菌屬、鏈霉菌屬的豐度,降低了擬桿菌門、芽單胞菌門、鞘脂桿菌綱、芽單胞菌綱、δ-變形菌綱、鞘脂桿菌目、黏球菌目的豐度。接種輪作處理中真菌提高了座囊菌綱、散囊菌綱的豐度,降低了糞殼菌綱、糞殼菌目的豐度。(6)添加殺菌劑試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,輪作土壤中分別添加殺真菌劑與殺細(xì)菌劑處理均降低了黃瓜幼苗的全株、地上和地下鮮干重。連作土壤中分別添加殺真菌劑與殺細(xì)菌劑處理對黃瓜的生長無影響。說明輪作土壤中消除真菌群落與消除細(xì)菌群落均對黃瓜生長產(chǎn)生抑制作用,而連作土壤中消除真菌群落與消除細(xì)菌群落對黃瓜生長無影響。(7)接種AMF與腐生菌試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,連作土壤中的AMF和腐生菌添加于連作土壤中均降低了黃瓜幼苗的全株、地上、地下鮮干重,輪作土壤中的AMF和腐生菌添加于輪作土壤中均降低了黃瓜幼苗的全株鮮重、地下鮮重、地下干重。但其降低幅度均為連作大于輪作。說明接種連作及輪作土壤AMF及腐生菌均對黃瓜生長產(chǎn)生負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔�。且連作土壤中AMF及腐生菌負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔么笥谳喿魍寥乐蠥MF及腐生菌。綜上所述,生長前期,連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群對黃瓜幼苗生長均產(chǎn)生了正反饋?zhàn)饔?并且輪作土壤微生物菌群正反饋?zhàn)饔蔑@著大于連作土壤微生物菌群。生長后期,連作及輪作土壤微生物菌群對黃瓜生長無影響。輪作土壤中單一細(xì)菌與真菌菌群對黃瓜生長產(chǎn)生抑制作用,連作及輪作土壤中單一有益與有害微生物菌群對黃瓜生長產(chǎn)生負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔?并且連作大于輪作。
[Abstract]:Vegetable production has been widely used for its advantages of high yield and high efficiency. At the same time, farmers are affected by planting habits and benefit pursuit, and crop species are relatively single. However, with the prolongation of planting years, continuous cropping barriers have seriously restricted the sustainable development of vegetable production. At present, soil microbes are considered to be Previous studies have found that continuous cropping and cropping patterns have changed soil microbial community structure and abundance, and increased crop yield under cropping pattern. However, the feedback effect of different microbial communities on crop growth under continuous cropping and cropping patterns is not clear. On the basis of the study, the feedback effect of continuous cropping and rotation soil microbial flora on cucumber growth was studied. The effects of continuous cropping and soil microbial flora on the community structure of cucumber soil bacteria and fungi were studied by Miseq sequencing technology, and Q PCR technique was used to analyze the microbial flora of continuous cropping and rotation soil in cucumber soil. The main results were as follows: (1) compared with the continuous cropping soil, the soil bacteria in the cropping soil improved the acid bacilli gate, the bacteriobacteria, the phylla phylla, the delta strain, the sphingobacteria. The abundances of sphingomyelines, clones, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, and Pseudomonas, reducing the abundance of actinomycetes, actinomycetes, gamma deforminae, alpha deformyomycetes, Clostridium, butinomonas, clostridiaceae, and Streptomyces. Compared with continuous soil soil, rotten soil fungi reduced actinomycetes, cysts, and fecal bacteria. (2) the results of soil sterilization test showed that the whole plant of the cucumber seedlings in the rotation and continuous cropping, the upper part of the ground, the fresh dry weight in the underground, the amount of total leaf area and total chlorophyll content was greater than that of the sterilization rotation. The main factors affecting the growth of Cucumber in rotation and continuous cropping soil were soil microorganism. (3) the results of plant soil feedback test showed that the whole plant of the cucumber seedlings, on the top of the ground, the lower dry weight in the lower part of the ground, the soil dehydrogenase, sucrase, neutral phosphatase, were tested by the plant soil feedback test. The activity of urease was higher than that of inoculation and soil treatment. At 10 d, the whole plant of cucumber seedlings treated with soil treatment was fresh and dry, and the activity of sucrase in soil was higher than that of soil treated with inoculated continuous cropping. It showed that continuous cropping and soil microorganism in rotation of Cucumber promoted cucumber growth at the early stage of growth and showed positive feedback. The positive feedback effect of soil microbial flora in rotation was greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. (4) qPCR results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi, Pseudomonas and Bacillus in cucumber soil changed significantly after inoculation and soil microbial flora. The inoculation and rotation soil treatment increased the bacteria and fungi in the soil. The number of Pseudomonas and bacillus, and the period after treatment, the number of Pseudomonas sp. inoculated soil treatment was higher than that of inoculated continuous cropping soil. The number of fungi inoculated in soil treatment was lower than that of continuous cropping soil treatment. The number of bacteria groups in the rhizosphere of cucumber could be improved, and the effect of soil microbial flora on the number of soil Pseudomonas and soil fungi was greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. (5) Miseq sequencing results showed that continuous cropping and soil microbial flora changed the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in cucumber soil, and inoculated with inoculation. Compared with the soil treatment, the bacteria in the inoculated soil treatment increased the actinomycetes, green bending bacteria gate, deformable bacteria gate, actinomycetes, alpha deforminia, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces Monomonas, sphingomyelin, budomonas, delta strain, sphingomyelis, sphingomyelines, and neococcus abundances. The fungi in the rotation treatment improved the abundances of the cysts, the abundances of the cysts and the abundances of the faeciocis and the faeciocis. (6) the results of adding fungicides to the soil were added with fungicides and fines respectively. The effect of fungicides and bactericides on the growth of cucumber was not affected by the addition of fungicides and bactericides in continuous cropping soil. The bacterial community had no effect on the growth of cucumber. (7) the results of inoculation AMF and saprophytic bacteria showed that AMF and saprophytic bacteria in continuous cropping soil reduced the whole plant of cucumber seedlings, on the ground and in the ground fresh dry weight. The fresh weight of cucumber seedlings was reduced by the addition of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in the rotten soil to the soil. Fresh weight and dry weight under the ground, but the decreasing amplitude of continuous cropping is greater than that of rotation. It is indicated that the continuous cropping and soil AMF and saprophytic bacteria have negative feedback effect on cucumber growth. The negative feedback effect of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in continuous cropping soil is greater than that of AMF and saprophytic bacteria in the soil of rotation. The group has positive feedback effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings, and the positive feedback effect of soil microbial flora is significantly greater than that of continuous cropping soil microbial flora. The single beneficial and harmful microbial flora produced negative feedback effect on cucumber growth, and continuous cropping was greater than rotation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S642.2;S154.3

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