本文選題：土壤有機(jī)質(zhì) + 二維相關(guān)光譜�。� 參考：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)是土壤養(yǎng)分的重要組成成分,它的含量與土壤肥力有密切關(guān)系。傳統(tǒng)的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)測量方法普遍存在測量周期長、成本高、工作繁瑣等問題,因此開發(fā)一款基于光譜原理的便攜式土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)檢測儀,有著重要意義。本文主要開展如下工作：(1)簡要闡述了土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的基本性質(zhì)及常見測量方法,分析了光譜法測量土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的基本原理,介紹了國內(nèi)外土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)測定儀研究的進(jìn)展。(2)將采集的土樣進(jìn)行過篩、烘干、標(biāo)號等處理后,選取6個典型樣本,利用美國ASD (Analytical Spectral Device)公司的FieldSpec3光譜儀進(jìn)行測定,得到它們的光譜圖。對原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,并比較6個樣本的光譜曲線,得出土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量越高,吸光度值也越大,同時分析其一維光譜圖,得出450-680nm是土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的敏感波段。(3)利用二維相關(guān)光譜技術(shù),可以將光譜信號擴(kuò)展到二維,從而得到原始譜圖數(shù)據(jù)中難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的信息。對實(shí)驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行二維相關(guān)分析后,得到了更精確的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)敏感波段,在可見光區(qū)域600nnm左右土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)與吸光度的相關(guān)性最高,為下一步便攜式土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)快速測定儀的開發(fā)提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。(4)開發(fā)第一代基于LED光源的便攜式土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)檢測儀。以低功耗、便攜、效率高為基本原則,設(shè)計了儀器總體系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。選用體積小、亮度高、壽命長、成本低的LED作為光源,采用靈敏度高、暗電壓低的TSL253作為光信號探測器,以Y型光纖進(jìn)行光的傳導(dǎo)。儀器包含光路和電路兩部分,LED光源、特制光纖、光電探測器組成了系統(tǒng)光路部分,放大電路、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、1602液晶顯示組成系統(tǒng)電路部分。(5)在特制的暗室中對儀器進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗驗證。對儀器進(jìn)行重復(fù)性實(shí)驗,其誤差僅為1.13%,滿足了一般儀器的要求。用自主開發(fā)的儀器測量了10個土壤樣本的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量。對所測得數(shù)據(jù)與土壤實(shí)際值數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,建立了一元線性模型,預(yù)測了另外5個土樣的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,系統(tǒng)的平均誤差為6.64%,符合便攜式儀器的誤差要求。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is an important component of soil nutrients, and its content is closely related to soil fertility. Traditional methods of soil organic matter measurement have many problems, such as long measuring period, high cost and tedious work. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a portable soil organic matter detector based on spectral principle. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the basic properties and common measuring methods of soil organic matter are briefly described, and the basic principle of measuring soil organic matter by spectral method is analyzed. This paper introduces the development of soil organic matter analyzer at home and abroad. (2) after sifting, drying, labeling and so on, 6 typical samples are selected and determined by FieldSpec3 spectrometer of ASD Analytical Spectral device Company. Get their spectra. By preprocessing the original data and comparing the spectral curves of 6 samples, it is concluded that the higher the content of soil organic matter, the greater the absorbance value, and at the same time, the one-dimensional spectral map is analyzed. It is concluded that 450-680nm is the sensitive band of soil organic matter. (3) by using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, the spectral signal can be extended to 2-D, and the information which is difficult to find in the original spectral data can be obtained. Based on the two-dimensional correlation analysis of the experimental data, a more accurate sensitive band of soil organic matter was obtained, and the correlation between soil organic matter and absorbance was the highest in the visible light region, and the correlation between soil organic matter and absorbance was the highest in the visible region. The first generation of portable soil organic matter detector based on LED light source was developed. Based on the principle of low power consumption, portable and high efficiency, the overall system structure of the instrument is designed. LED with small volume, high brightness, long life and low cost is used as light source, TSL253 with high sensitivity and low dark voltage is used as light signal detector, and Y type optical fiber is used to conduct light. The instrument consists of two parts: light circuit and circuit, special optical fiber and photodetector constitute the optical circuit of the system, and the amplifier circuit / A / D converter / 1602 liquid crystal display is composed of the system circuit part. 5) the instrument is experimentally verified in a special darkroom. The repeatability experiment shows that the error is only 1.13, which meets the requirements of general instruments. The content of organic matter in 10 soil samples was measured by a self-developed instrument. Based on the analysis of the measured data and the actual soil value data, a single linear model is established, and the organic matter content of the other five soil samples is predicted. The average error of the system is 6.64, which accords with the error requirement of portable instruments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TP216;S153.621

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