發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-06 08:44

  本文選題：長(zhǎng)期施肥 + 土壤酸化��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過長(zhǎng)期不同施肥實(shí)驗(yàn),研究不同施肥處理對(duì)土壤氮素、磷素和鉀素的影響,土壤酸堿度與土壤氮素、磷素、鉀素的之間關(guān)系。了解土壤養(yǎng)分變化規(guī)律及其與土壤酸度的關(guān)系,本研究以長(zhǎng)期施肥的黑土為研究對(duì)象,研究長(zhǎng)期施肥土壤氮磷鉀含量的變化及其與土壤酸度特征的關(guān)系,探討長(zhǎng)期施肥導(dǎo)致土壤酸化的原因和機(jī)制,為合理施肥控制土壤酸化和退化提供理論依據(jù)。(1)有機(jī)物料的添加配合施肥對(duì)全氮、有機(jī)碳、NO3-和NH4+的影響顯著。土壤全氮變化較大,其中添加不同量有機(jī)物料的S1和S2組中單施或配施氮肥的處理含氮量顯著高于不加有機(jī)物料的處理,增幅高達(dá)42.08%,有機(jī)物料配合施肥對(duì)全氮含量影響顯著。有機(jī)物料的添加配合施肥對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳的影響顯著,有機(jī)物料配合施肥使有機(jī)碳最高增加了36.42%,結(jié)果表明有機(jī)物料的添加對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳量的影響達(dá)到顯著水平。S1組和S2組以及未添加有機(jī)物的D組中,單施或配施N肥對(duì)土壤中NO3-和NH4+的含量影響顯著。秸稈還田對(duì)土壤中NO3-和NH4+的含量影響顯著。(2)長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)黑土的全磷和速效磷含量影響顯著,添加有機(jī)物料的S1和S2組以及不加有機(jī)物料的D組中,不同施肥間單施或配施磷肥處理的全磷和速效磷量均顯著高于同組其它處理,與同組對(duì)照相比,單施配施磷肥處理全磷含量增幅最多達(dá)70.27%。不同量的有機(jī)物料的添加對(duì)土壤速效磷的含量影響極顯著,而添加不同量有機(jī)物料的S2與S1組之間差異性不大,D組的不同施肥間土壤全磷和速效磷含量均顯著低于添加有機(jī)物料組。添加有機(jī)物料增加了土壤全磷和速效磷的含量,秸稈還田基礎(chǔ)下單施或配施磷肥的對(duì)全磷以及速效磷的含量影響顯著。(3)長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)鉀元素含量影響顯著,8個(gè)不同處理間單施或配施鉀肥土壤鉀素含量比同組其它處理高,不同施肥處理配合有機(jī)物料的添加對(duì)全鉀以及礦物鉀的含量影響不顯著,對(duì)速效鉀和緩效鉀的影響顯著,增幅最高達(dá)54.55%。秸稈還田顯著影響速效鉀以及緩效鉀的含量,不同施肥處理配合秸稈還田對(duì)全鉀以及礦物鉀含量變化影響不顯著,施用鉀肥配合添加有機(jī)物料可顯著提高速效鉀和緩效鉀含量,。秸稈還田后顯著提高了土壤全磷和速效磷的含量。(4)根據(jù)相關(guān)性分析,土壤全氮、銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮與土壤酸性相關(guān)性顯著;有機(jī)物料的添加增加土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量并影響土壤中有機(jī)碳含量,進(jìn)而影響了土壤交換性酸、交換性H+以及CEC的含量;土壤碳氮比與土壤酸度相關(guān)性不顯著。土壤全磷對(duì)土壤酸度影響不顯著,而不同處理間分析比較全磷對(duì)土壤酸度有影響,這是由于添加有機(jī)物料后有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增加影響了土壤中全磷、有效磷的含量,進(jìn)而影響了土壤交換性酸、交換性H+以及CEC的含量。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥處理?xiàng)l件下土壤中全鉀、速效鉀和緩效鉀與土壤交換性酸相關(guān)性顯著。而添加不同量有機(jī)物料的不同形態(tài)鉀與土壤酸度的分析結(jié)果表明,土壤中全鉀、速效鉀、緩效鉀以及礦物鉀對(duì)土壤酸性相關(guān)性均不顯著,這是由于這可能是添加有機(jī)物料后有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增加影響了土壤中不同形態(tài)鉀素的含量,而有機(jī)物料的添加能夠影響土壤交換性酸、交換性H+以及CEC的含量,鉀對(duì)土壤酸度是間接影響。綜上所述,長(zhǎng)期不同施肥處理對(duì)養(yǎng)分含量影響顯著,不加有機(jī)物料處理中單施或配施氮、磷、鉀與對(duì)照相比氮、磷、鉀含量顯著增加,但添加有機(jī)物料配合施肥的土壤養(yǎng)分變化更顯著,其中秸稈還田對(duì)土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮、有效磷、速效鉀、緩效鉀的含量影響最為顯著。土壤全氮、銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮對(duì)土壤酸度的影響顯著,有機(jī)物料的添加增加了土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)從而顯著影響土壤中磷素和鉀素的含量,有機(jī)物料的添加能夠影響土壤酸度,因此土壤磷素和鉀素與土壤酸度是間接影響。
[Abstract]:The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the relationship between soil pH and soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied by different fertilization experiments for a long time. The relationship between soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied. The study on the long-term fertilization of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was studied in this study. The change of content and its relationship with soil acidity characteristics, the reasons and mechanisms of soil acidification caused by long-term fertilization were discussed, and the theoretical basis was provided for rational fertilization to control soil acidification and degradation. (1) the effects of adding and combining organic materials on total nitrogen, organic carbon, NO3- and NH4+ were significant. The amount of nitrogen treatment in the S1 and S2 groups of organic materials was significantly higher than that of non organic materials, the increase was up to 42.08%. Organic materials combined with fertilization had significant influence on the total nitrogen content. Organic materials added and applied fertilizer to soil organic carbon significantly, organic carbon increased by 36.. 42%, the results showed that the effect of organic material addition on soil organic carbon content reached significant level in.S1 and S2 groups and in D group that did not add organic matter. The effect of single application or combination of N fertilizer on the content of NO3- and NH4+ in soil was significant. The effect of straw returning to the content of NO3- and NH4+ in soil was significant. (2) the total phosphorus of black soil and the total phosphorus of long-term different fertilization. The content of available phosphorus was significantly affected. In the S1 and S2 groups adding organic materials and in the D group without organic materials, the total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in the different fertilization and phosphate fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those in the same group. Compared with the same group, the total phosphorus content in the treatment of single application and application of phosphate fertilizer was up to as much as 70.27%. with different amounts of organic materials. The effect of addition on the content of soil available phosphorus was very significant, but the difference between the S2 and S1 groups was not significant. The content of total phosphorus and available P in the D group was significantly lower than that in the addition of organic materials. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus was significant. (3) the effect of long-term Different Fertilization on the content of potassium was significant. The content of potassium in soil of 8 different treatments and potassium fertilizer was higher than that of the same group. The effects of different fertilizer treatments on the content of total potassium and mineral potassium were not significant, and the effect on quick effect was not significant. The effect of potassium and slow available potassium was significant, the increase of 54.55%. straw returned to field significantly affected the content of fast acting potassium and slow available potassium. Different fertilization treatments and straw returning to the field had no significant effect on the change of total potassium and mineral potassium content. The application of potash fertilizer in combination with organic materials could significantly increase the content of high speed potassium and slow available potassium, and the straw returned to field after returning to field. The content of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus was improved. (4) according to the correlation analysis, soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen have significant correlation with soil acidity; organic materials add organic matter content in soil and influence the content of organic carbon in soil, and then influence soil exchangeable acid, exchangeable H+ and CEC content; soil carbon and nitrogen. The correlation between soil acidity and soil acidity was not significant. The effects of total phosphorus on soil acidity were not significant, and the effects of total phosphorus on soil acidity were compared between different treatments. This was due to the increase of organic matter content after the addition of organic materials affected the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus in the soil, and then affected the exchangeability of soil, exchangeable H+ and CEC. The correlation between total potassium and soil exchangeable acid in soil was significant under different fertilizer treatment conditions for a long time. The results of the analysis of different forms of potassium and soil acidity of different organic materials with different organic materials showed that total potassium, available potassium, slow available potassium and mineral potassium were not significant to soil acidity. This is due to this The increase of organic matter content may affect the content of different forms of potassium in soil, and the addition of organic materials can affect exchangeable acid, exchangeable H+ and CEC content, and potassium has an indirect effect on soil acidity. In a word, long term different fertilizer treatments have significant influence on nutrient content, without organic materials. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly in the treatment of single or combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but the soil nutrients of adding organic materials in combination with fertilizer were more significant, and the effects of straw returning to soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium and slow available potassium were the most significant. Soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were acidity to soil acidity. The addition of organic materials increased the organic matter in the soil to significantly influence the content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the addition of organic materials could affect the soil acidity, so the soil phosphorus and potassium and soil acidity were indirectly affected.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S153.4
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本文編號(hào)：1851601