本文選題：免耕覆蓋 + 砂質(zhì)潮土��； 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年11期

【摘要】：為探索不同物料還田方式對中低產(chǎn)田砂質(zhì)潮土的改良效果,在黃淮海平原麥玉輪作區(qū)典型砂質(zhì)潮土上進行了連續(xù)6季的田間小區(qū)試驗,設(shè)置全量秸稈翻耕還田(TS),秸稈等碳量的生物炭(TB)及半量秸稈半量生物炭配合翻耕還田(TSB),全量秸稈免耕覆蓋還田(NTS)和半量秸稈半量生物炭配合免耕覆蓋還田(NTSB),共5種還田方式。結(jié)果表明,與常規(guī)秸稈翻耕還田(TS)相比,生物炭翻耕還田(TB)顯著降低土壤容重,增加玉米各個生育期土壤水分和p H值,有機質(zhì)含量提升了16.4%,但TB處理的土壤大團聚體降低了21.2%和微生物數(shù)量降低了16.1%;翻耕秸稈配合生物炭還田(TSB)除了顯著降低了大團聚體數(shù)量,對其余理化及微生物指標(biāo)的影響均不顯著;免耕模式下的秸稈還田(NTS)和秸稈生物炭配施(NTSB)分別在玉米生長的喇叭口期和收獲期顯著增加了土壤水分含量、耕層土壤的微生物數(shù)量和有效降低砂質(zhì)潮土分形維數(shù),對容重和有機質(zhì)含量有一定的改善,其中NTSB有機質(zhì)含量提升了14.9%和微生物數(shù)量增加了53.7%,對砂質(zhì)潮土改良效果更好�？傮w來說,短期內(nèi)用等碳量的生物炭替代秸稈翻耕還田更多的表現(xiàn)為物理的摻混效應(yīng),雖能有效提升土壤有機質(zhì)含量,但不能有效改善砂質(zhì)潮土的物理結(jié)構(gòu)及生物性質(zhì),一半秸稈用生物炭替代還田對該類土壤的理化及微生物指標(biāo)的改良效果也不顯著,而免耕條件下秸稈配合生物碳還田效果最佳,可為砂質(zhì)潮土的改良提供新的途徑和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the improvement effect of different material returning methods on sandy tidal soil in middle and low yield fields, a field experiment was carried out on typical sandy tidal soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain for 6 consecutive seasons. The total straw tillage was returned to the field (TSN), the carbon content (TBB) and the half amount of straw (half amount of straw and half amount of biochar), the total amount of straw and half amount of straw were returned to the field, the total amount of straw was no tillage and the whole amount of straw was returned to the field (NTSS) and the half amount of straw and half amount of biochar was combined with no-tillage to return the field to NTSBG, and there were five ways of returning to the field. The results showed that compared with conventional straw tillage, TB significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil moisture and pH value in all growth stages of maize. The content of organic matter increased by 16.4%, but the amount of soil macroaggregates decreased by 21.2% and the amount of microorganism decreased by 16.1in TB treatment. There was no significant effect on the other physicochemical and microbial indexes, and the soil moisture content was significantly increased at the bell mouth stage and harvest stage of maize under the no-tillage model (NTS) and biochar application (NTSBs), respectively. The amount of microorganism and the fractal dimension of sandy aquic soil were reduced effectively, the bulk density and organic matter content were improved to some extent, and the organic matter content of NTSB increased by 14.9% and the amount of microorganism increased by 53.7%, which was better for the improvement of sandy aquic soil. In general, in the short term, the physical mixing effect of replacing straw with carbon in the short term can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter, but it can not effectively improve the physical structure and biological properties of sandy aquic soil. The improvement of physicochemical and microbial indexes of this kind of soil was not significant when the straw was replaced by biochar, but the effect of straw and biological carbon was the best under no-tillage condition, which could provide a new way and theoretical basis for the improvement of sandy aquic soil.
【作者單位】： 河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41401273,41401274) 國家“十二五”農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域科技計劃項目(2012BAD05B0207) 鄭州科技創(chuàng)新團隊項目(131PCXTD610)
【分類號】：S141.4

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