本文選題：滴水 + 層狀土壤　； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了探討滴水條件下粘土夾層在層狀土壤中的滯鹽作用,本文針對不同構(gòu)型的層狀土壤進(jìn)行土柱滴水入滲試驗(yàn),并與均質(zhì)土壤滴水入滲結(jié)果相比較。試驗(yàn)中,均質(zhì)土壤為松沙土和輕壤土;層狀土構(gòu)型為松沙土夾輕粘土和輕壤土夾輕粘土;其中,均質(zhì)土柱灌水量分別為1.0L、1.2L和1.5L;而層狀土柱灌水量為2L。另外,層狀土壤入滲試驗(yàn)中控制夾層厚度為5cm、10cm和15cm;控制夾層位置在30cm-40cm、35cm-45cm和40cm-50cm;以及雙輕粘土夾層試驗(yàn)。從試驗(yàn)中得到了以下主要結(jié)論:(1)以滲透性較弱的粘土作為夾層的層狀土,其對水分和鹽分的運(yùn)移都有阻滯作用,造成層狀土滯鹽,鹽分含量相對增幅在脫鹽區(qū)與積鹽區(qū)之間存在突變,而且土層之間的滲透性差別越大,其阻滯作用越強(qiáng)。(2)粘土夾層對鹽分運(yùn)移的阻滯作用強(qiáng)于對水分運(yùn)移的阻滯作用,使鹽分大量的滯留在粘夾層中,而水分可以緩慢穿透夾層土壤下滲,進(jìn)而使粘土夾層表現(xiàn)出擬半透膜現(xiàn)象,這種半透膜效應(yīng)主要是由于在夾層土壤對于鹽分的強(qiáng)吸納作用下產(chǎn)生的。(3)隨著粘土夾層厚度的增加,其對水分和鹽分的運(yùn)移的阻滯作用逐漸增強(qiáng)。當(dāng)層狀土壤由滲透性差別較大的松沙土和輕粘土組成時,15cm厚度夾層具有隔水蓄鹽效果,不能表現(xiàn)出擬半透作用。10cm厚度夾層的擬半透膜效果比5cm厚度夾層的擬半透膜效果更明顯。當(dāng)層狀土壤由滲透性差別不大的輕壤土和輕粘土組成時,10cm厚度夾層的擬半透膜效果最明顯。(4)夾層層位越淺,其對水分的阻滯作用越強(qiáng),鹽分積累隨著夾層層位的深度而增加,滯鹽位置越深,返鹽越困難。本文夾層層位在35-45cm時,鹽分增加幅度最大,其次是40-50cm層位夾層,最后是30-40cm層位夾層。松沙土夾輕粘土構(gòu)型土柱和輕壤土夾輕粘土構(gòu)型土柱中,擬半透膜效應(yīng)由強(qiáng)到弱,按夾層位置排序?yàn)?5-45cm30-40cm40-50cm。(5)雙粘土夾層構(gòu)型土壤中的粘土夾層都對鹽分有很好阻滯作用。將兩個粘土夾層和它們中間的土壤層看作一個整體,并將其與不同層厚的單夾層構(gòu)型土壤進(jìn)行對比發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)層狀土壤由滲透性差別較大的松沙土和輕粘土組成時,其阻水作用等同于10cm厚度單夾層,大于5cm厚度單夾層,小于15cm厚度單夾層。雙夾層的擬半透膜效果強(qiáng)于5cm厚度夾層的擬半透膜效果,小于10cm厚度單夾層的擬半透膜效果。當(dāng)層狀土壤由滲透性差別不大的輕壤土和輕粘土組成時,其阻水效果比三種厚度單輕粘土夾層都明顯;且雙夾層的擬半透膜效果比三種厚度的單夾層效果都明顯。
[Abstract]:In order to study the salt retention effect of clay intercalation in layered soil under drip water, the soil column drip infiltration test was carried out for layered soils with different configurations, and the results were compared with those in homogeneous soil. In the experiment, the homogeneous soil is composed of loose sandy soil and light loam soil, and the layered soil is composed of loose sandy soil with light clay and light loam with light clay, in which the irrigation amount of homogeneous soil column is 1.0 L ~ (1.2) L and that of layered soil column is 2 L. In addition, the controlled interlayer thickness is 5 cm ~ 10 cm and 15 cm, the intercalation position is 30 cm ~ 40 cm ~ (-1) 35 cm ~ (-45) cm and 40 cm ~ (-50) cm, and the double light clay intercalation test. The following main conclusions are drawn from the experiment: (1) the layered soil with weak permeability as interlayer has a blocking effect on the migration of water and salt, resulting in the salt retention of layered soil. The relative increase of salt content has a sudden change between desalination area and salt accumulation area, and the greater the permeability difference between soil layers, the stronger the blocking effect of clay intercalation on salt migration is stronger than that on water migration. A large amount of salt is trapped in the clay interlayer, and the moisture can penetrate through the interlayer soil slowly, which makes the clay intercalation show the phenomenon of quasi-semi-permeable film. The effect of semi-permeable membrane is mainly due to the strong absorption of salt in intercalated soil. (3) with the increase of the thickness of clay intercalation, the inhibition of water and salt migration is gradually enhanced. When the layered soil is composed of loose sandy soil with different permeability and light clay, the intercalation with 15cm thickness has the effect of water insulation and salt storage, and the pseudo-semi-permeable effect of the layer with the thickness of 10 cm is more obvious than that of the interlayer with the thickness of 5cm. When the layered soil is composed of light loam with little permeability and light clay, the effect of pseudo-semi-permeable film is the most obvious when the thickness of intercalation is 10cm. The shallower the interlayer is, the stronger the inhibition of water is, and the salt accumulation increases with the depth of intercalation. The deeper the position of salt retention, the more difficult it is to return salt. In this paper, when the intercalation layer is in 35-45cm, the increase of salt is the largest, followed by 40-50cm layer intercalation and 30-40cm layer intercalation. The pseudo-semi-permeable membrane effect in loose sandy soil with light clay configuration column and light loam soil with light clay configuration column is from strong to weak, and the order of intercalation is 35-45 cm 30-40 cm 40-50 cm. 5) the clay intercalation in double-clay intercalation soil has a good effect on salt content. The two clay intercalations and the soil layer between them are considered as a whole, and compared with the single intercalation soil with different layers thickness, it is found that when the layered soil is composed of loose sand and light clay with different permeability, Its water blocking effect is equal to that of 10cm thickness single interlayer, larger than 5cm thickness single interlayer, and smaller than 15cm thickness single interlayer. The pseudo-semi-permeable effect of double interlayer is stronger than that of 5cm thickness interlayer, and is smaller than that of 10cm mono-layer. When the layered soil is composed of light loam and light clay with little difference in permeability, its water resistance effect is more obvious than that of three kinds of single light clay intercalation, and the pseudo-semi-permeable film effect of double intercalation is more obvious than that of three kinds of single interlayer thickness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S275.6;S153

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