本文選題：機播玉米 + 秸稈還田��； 參考：《中國生態(tài)農業(yè)學報》2017年07期

【摘要】：為明確川中丘陵地區(qū)紫土小麥-玉米兩熟種植模式下機播玉米生產適宜的秸稈還田方式與耕作方式,改善土壤的瘠薄、黏性過大等問題,提高耕層土壤的播種條件、播種質量,達到作物高產的目的,設置秸稈還田旋耕(RTS)、秸稈還田免耕(NTS)、秸稈不還田旋耕(RT)、秸稈不還田免耕(NT)4個處理,研究麥秸還田與旋耕對川中丘區(qū)紫色黏土物理性狀及機播夏玉米播種質量的影響。結果表明:與秸稈不還田相比,麥秸還田顯著增加了拔節(jié)期0~10 cm土層土壤毛管孔隙度和免耕處理0~10 cm全生育時期土壤含水量,顯著降低出苗率、播種均勻度和幼苗整齊度等指標。與免耕相比,旋耕處理降低了0~10 cm土壤容重、含水量,增加了毛管孔隙度,出苗率提高9.9%,幼苗株高、莖粗、葉面積和干重顯著提高。麥秸還田條件下,旋耕處理較免耕處理0~10cm土壤容重降低2.0%~12.1%,出苗率、播種均勻度、每穴苗數(shù)、幼苗整齊度顯著提高,其中出苗率增加17.9%。玉米出苗率與0~10 cm土壤含水量呈顯著正相關,播種均勻度與幼苗整齊度均與0~10 cm土壤容重呈顯著負相關�？梢�,麥秸還田下旋耕處理改善了土壤結構,增加了土壤含水量,更有利于川中丘陵地區(qū)小麥-夏玉米種植模式機播玉米質量和幼苗素質的提高。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the suitable straw return and tillage method for mechanically sowing maize under the double cropping pattern of wheat and maize in purple soil in the hilly area of central Sichuan, the problems of barren soil and excessive viscosity were improved, and the sowing conditions and sowing quality of tilling layer soil were improved. In order to achieve high yield of crops, four treatments were set up: straw returning to the field with rotary tillage, straw returning to the field without tillage, straw returning to the field without tillage, straw not returning to rotary tillage, straw not returning to the field without tillage, and straw returning to the field without tillage. The effects of wheat straw returning to field and rotary tillage on the physical properties of purple clay and sowing quality of mechanically sown summer maize in the middle of Sichuan hilly area were studied. The results showed that the soil capillary porosity of 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer at jointing stage and soil water content of 0 ~ 10 cm in no-tillage treatment were significantly increased and the emergence rate was significantly decreased compared with that without straw returning to the field. Seeding evenness and seedling uniformity. Compared with no-tillage, rotary tillage decreased soil bulk density, water content, capillary porosity, seedling emergence rate, seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight. Under the condition of returning wheat straw to field, the bulk density of 0~10cm in rotary tillage treatment was lower than that in no-tillage treatment by 2.0%, seedling emergence rate, seeding evenness, number of seedlings per hole, seedling evenness per hole were increased significantly, and seedling emergence rate increased 17.9%. There was a significant positive correlation between emergence rate of maize and soil moisture content of 0 ~ 10cm, and a significant negative correlation between seeding evenness and seedling uniformity and soil bulk density of 0 ~ 10cm. It can be seen that the soil structure was improved and the soil water content was increased after wheat straw was returned to the field under rotary tillage, and the quality and seedling quality of wheat-summer maize planting mode were improved in the middle of Sichuan hilly area.
【作者單位】： 四川農業(yè)大學農學院;北京順鑫農科種業(yè)科技有限公司;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0300307) 公益性行業(yè)科研專項(20150312705) 四川省科技支撐計劃(2014NZ0040) 四川省玉米產業(yè)技術體系崗位專家項目資助~~
【分類號】：S152;S513

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