本文選題：草地螟 + 遷飛種群�。� 參考：《西北農林科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.(鱗翅目:螟蛾科)是一種世界性害蟲,在我國東北、西北和華北地區(qū)遷飛危害農作物和牧草,建國以來的60多年中先后26年暴發(fā)成災,給我國農牧業(yè)生產造成了重大的經(jīng)濟損失。遷飛是草地螟適應惡劣環(huán)境以及維持種群繁衍的主要生態(tài)對策之一,也是導致其頻繁暴發(fā)成災且造成重大經(jīng)濟損失的主要原因。雖然,目前國內外已經(jīng)對草地螟遷飛規(guī)律以及遷飛行為的影響等做了相關研究,但是對于遷飛導致的這些變化的生理調控機制知之甚少,為了進一步明確遷飛與種群大發(fā)生的內在聯(lián)系機制,本文應用昆蟲生態(tài)學與生理學的原理和方法,研究了草地螟產卵同步性增加的生理特征及飛行系統(tǒng)與生殖系統(tǒng)的相互關系,取得的主要研究結果如下:1、明確了遷飛對草地螟生殖的影響:經(jīng)歷遷飛的種群與未經(jīng)歷遷飛的種群相比,成蟲產卵前期、產卵歷期、PFO和壽命均顯著縮短;交配次數(shù)及交配率均顯著增加;但平均每雌產卵量和卵孵化率無顯著變化。這說明,盡管經(jīng)歷遷飛的草地螟種群產卵量未顯著增加,但成蟲到達遷入地后將很快多次交配、產卵,且產卵前期顯著提前、產卵同步性顯著增加,從而加劇后代種群暴發(fā)。2、明確了飛行后飛行肌和卵巢形態(tài)結構的變化:飛行后卵巢小管直徑顯著短于同日齡未飛行(對照)個體的卵巢小管直徑,且高級卵巢所占比例顯著偏低,隨著飛行后時間的延長,卵巢小管直徑迅速發(fā)育,在飛行后第1天達到對照水平。在飛行后第3天,高級卵巢級別比例顯著高于對照個體,可溶性蛋白明顯下降但仍顯著高于對照;飛行后肌原纖維直徑和肌節(jié)長度、兩者比值都顯著高于或高于對照,隨著飛行后時間的延長,肌原纖維直徑、肌節(jié)長度和肌原纖維體積分數(shù)都呈現(xiàn)“先增后減”的變化趨勢,尤其在飛行后第2天可溶性蛋白、肌原纖維直徑和肌節(jié)長度都顯著下降。表明飛行過程一方面能暫時抑制卵巢發(fā)育,但是另一方面通過飛行后飛行肌的加速降解,促進卵巢的迅速發(fā)育,提高了種群內個體間產卵起始的整齊度,使得不同個體的卵巢在一定時間內同時成熟,最終導致產卵的同步性。3、明確了飛行后主要能源物質的變化:飛行后胸腹部糖元含量均顯著低于對照,但甘油三酯含量只有腹部極顯著低于對照的水平,ADP/ATP只有胸部顯著高于對照。隨著飛行后時間的增加,糖元、甘油三酯和ADP/ATP的變化趨勢持續(xù)上升,胸腹部糖元含量在飛行后第1天恢復到對照水平,胸部糖元含量則在飛行后第3天已經(jīng)顯著高于對照;甘油三酯含量在飛行后第2天接近對照的水平,但之后又顯著下降;胸部ADP/ATP隨飛行后時間的增加顯著下降,腹部ADP/ATP在飛行后第1天顯著下降,隨后無明顯變化但仍顯著低于對照,說明飛行能增加糖元的積累,提高甘油三酯的積累速度。4、明確了飛行后成蟲取食量的變化:草地螟雌蛾體內熒光標記的葡萄糖(2-NBDG)含量在飛行后的6 h和12 h內顯著高于對照,在之后的12-24 h內飛行的與未飛行雌蛾體內熒光標記的葡萄糖無顯著差異,表明草地螟飛行能提高攝取2-NBDG的速度,增加成蟲取食量。本研究表明遷飛提高了草地螟生殖不同階段的同步性,而飛行肌的提前降解和卵巢的快速發(fā)育是其內在物質變化和能量轉移的基礎,其中包括糖元、甘油三酯和蛋白質的代謝情況,表現(xiàn)為ADP/ATP比值在不同時間的波動。另一方面成蟲取食量的增加是生殖同步性增加的外源物質和能量基礎,內外兩條物質和能量的獲得途徑是遷飛后草地螟生殖同步性增加的生理基礎。這些研究結果不僅為闡明遷飛在草地螟大發(fā)生中的作用及生理調控機制奠定了一定的理論基礎,同時也為預測預報技術的提高和深化昆蟲遷飛對生殖能力影響的認識提供了新的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The Loxostege sticticalis L. of the meadow borer (Lepidoptera: borer moth) is a worldwide pest. It immigrated to crops and herbage in Northeast China, northwest and North China. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the outbreak of disaster caused great economic losses in 60 years since the founding of the people's Republic. It has caused great economic losses to the production of agricultural and animal husbandry in China. One of the main ecological countermeasures of population reproduction is also the main cause of its frequent outbreak and major economic losses. Although there have been some studies on the migration law and the effect of the migratory behavior, there is little knowledge about the physiological regulation mechanism of these changes. In order to further clarify the internal linkage mechanism of migration and population occurrence, this paper applies the principles and methods of insect ecology and physiology to study the physiological characteristics of the increase of spawning synchronism and the relationship between the flight system and the reproductive system. The main research results are as follows: 1, the effect of migration on the reproduction of meadow borer is clearly defined. Compared with the migratory population, the pre oviposition period, the spawning calendar period, the PFO and the life span of the adult were significantly shortened, the number of mating and mating rates increased significantly, but the average egg production and egg hatching rate of each female had no significant changes. After entering the ground, it will be copulated many times and spawn, and the proto oviposition is significantly advanced and the spawning synchronism increases significantly, thus aggravating the outbreak of.2 in the offspring population, and the changes in the morphological structure of the flying muscles and ovaries after flying: the diameter of the ovary tubules after flying is significantly shorter than that of the ovaries of the non flying (control) individuals of the same age, and the advanced ovary is occupied. The proportion of the ovarian tubules developed rapidly and reached the control level at first days after flight. The proportion of the advanced ovarian grade was significantly higher than that of the control group at the third day after flight. The soluble protein decreased significantly but still significantly higher than the control. The ratio of the diameter of myofibrillar and the myofibrillar length after flying was both significantly higher than the control. The diameter of myofibrils, the length of the myofibrils and the volume fraction of myofibrillar volume showed a "first increase and then decrease", especially in the second day after flight, and the diameter of myofibrils and the length of the myofibrils decreased significantly, indicating that the flight process can temporarily inhibit the ovary. Development, but on the other hand, the accelerated degradation of the flying muscles after flight promotes the rapid development of the ovaries, improves the regularity of the initiation of oviposition between individuals within the population, and makes the ovaries of the different individuals mature at a certain time, eventually leading to the synchronization of the spawning.3, and the changes in the main energy material after flight: the chest and abdomen after flight. The content of glycogen was significantly lower than that of the control, but the content of triglyceride in the abdomen was significantly lower than that of the control, and the ADP/ATP only in the chest was significantly higher than that of the control. As the time of flight increased, the change trend of glycogen, triglyceride and ADP/ATP continued to rise, and the content of carbohydrate in the chest and abdomen recovered to the control level at first days after the flight, and the sugar of the chest was in the chest. The content of the element was significantly higher than that of the control at third days after flight, and the content of triglyceride was close to the control level at second days after flight, but then decreased significantly. The increase of ADP/ATP in the chest decreased significantly with the time after flight, and the ADP/ATP of the abdomen decreased significantly at first days after the flight, and there was no obvious change but still significantly lower than the control, indicating the flight energy. The accumulation of glycogen and the accumulation rate of triglycerides were increased by.4, and the change of food intake after flying: the content of fluorescence labeled glucose (2-NBDG) in the female moth of meadow borer was significantly higher than that of the control in 6 h and 12 h after flight, and there was no significant difference between the fluorescence labeled glucose in the 12-24 h and the non flying female moth. It shows that the flight of the meadow borer can increase the speed of 2-NBDG intake and increase the intake of the adult. This study shows that the migration improves the synchronism of the different stages of reproduction of the meadow borer, while the early degradation of the flying muscles and the rapid development of the ovaries are the basis of their intrinsic material changes and energy transfer, including the generation of glycogen, triglyceride and protein. On the other hand, the increase of the ADP/ATP ratio at different times. On the other hand, the increase of the intake of the adult is the exogenous substance and energy base of the increase of reproductive synchronization. The way to obtain the two substances and energy is the physiological basis for the increase of reproductive synchronization of the meadow borer after the migration. The role of large occurrence and the mechanism of physiological regulation laid a certain theoretical basis. At the same time, it also provides a new basis for the improvement of prediction technology and the understanding of the influence of insect migration to reproductive capacity.

【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433.4

【引證文獻】

相關會議論文 前2條

1 楊璞;商晗武;程家安;祝增榮;;激素對稻水象甲飛行肌和卵巢發(fā)育的影響[A];農業(yè)生物災害預防與控制研究[C];2005年

2 曹雅忠;;補充營養(yǎng)對粘蟲飛翔力效應的研究[A];北京昆蟲學會成立四十周年學術討論會論文摘要匯編[C];1990年

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