本文選題：水土流失 + 指標　； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水土流失是我國嚴重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題之一,北京市山區(qū)面積占全市的62%,地貌和地質(zhì)條件復雜,是水土流失的主要發(fā)生地,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地質(zhì)災害經(jīng)常發(fā)生。水土流失作為一種類型的生態(tài)風險,直接影響著山區(qū)小流域的生態(tài)安全狀況。本研究以北京山區(qū)為研究范圍,以小流域為評價單元,考慮了水力侵蝕、崩塌、滑坡和泥石流四類風險,建立了北京山區(qū)小流域水土保持生態(tài)安全評價指標體系,提出了評價的方法和步驟,基于風險源和受體重要性兩類指標構建了"PD加權復合評價模型”,并對北京山區(qū)小流域進行了評價,評價等級分布有如下特點：北京山區(qū)共計576條小流域,處于安全、較安全、一般、較危險、危險五個等級的比例分別為16.7%、22.0%、24.8%、22.6%、13.9%。等級為危險的小流域分布于房山區(qū)西部、門頭溝區(qū)東部、密云縣東部以及平谷區(qū)東部；等級為較危險的小流域分布于危險等級小流域的周邊區(qū)域；等級為一般的小流域廣泛分布于各個區(qū)縣,尤以延慶縣、懷柔區(qū)和密云縣分布最多；等級為較安全和安全的小流域主要分布于整個山區(qū)西部以及懷柔區(qū)北部。針對水土流失和地質(zhì)災害兩方面,對評價結果進行了驗證,基本符合實際情況,說明模型的可靠性較高。本研究最后設計實現(xiàn)了水土保持生態(tài)安全評價系統(tǒng),介紹了系統(tǒng)設計流程、基本功能模塊和業(yè)務功能模塊,該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)包括指標獲取、指標分級、指數(shù)計算、評價分級和查詢統(tǒng)計在內(nèi)的整個評價流程。
[Abstract]:Soil and water loss is one of the serious ecological environmental problems in China. The mountainous area of Beijing occupies 622 of the whole city, the geomorphology and geological conditions are complex, and it is the main occurrence place of soil and water loss, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and so on. Soil erosion, as a kind of ecological risk, directly affects the ecological security of small watershed in mountainous area. Taking Beijing mountainous area as the research scope and small watershed as the evaluation unit, the evaluation index system of soil and water conservation ecological security in the small watershed of Beijing mountainous area was established by considering four kinds of risks, such as hydraulic erosion, collapse, landslide and debris flow. The methods and steps of evaluation are put forward, and the PD weighted composite evaluation model is constructed based on the risk source and receptor importance, and the small watershed in Beijing mountainous area is evaluated. The distribution of the evaluation grade is as follows: there are 576 small watersheds in the mountainous area of Beijing, which are safe, general, dangerous and dangerous. The proportion of the five grades is 16.70.22.00.24.8and 22.60.13.9. The small watershed with dangerous grade is distributed in the west of Fangshan area, the east of Mentougou area, the east of Miyun County and the eastern part of Pinggu area, and the dangerous small watershed is distributed in the peripheral area of the small watershed of dangerous grade. The small watersheds with general grade are widely distributed in all districts and counties, especially Yanqing County, Huairou District and Miyun County, while the safer and safer small watersheds are mainly distributed in the western part of mountainous area and the northern part of Huairou region. In view of soil erosion and geological hazards, the evaluation results are verified, which are basically in line with the actual situation, indicating that the reliability of the model is high. At the end of this study, the evaluation system of soil and water conservation ecological security is designed and realized, and the system design flow, basic function module and business function module are introduced. The system can realize index acquisition, index grading and index calculation. Evaluation grading and query statistics including the entire evaluation process.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157;X826

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 陳婷婷;張代民;孫希華;;青島市水土保持生態(tài)安全評價研究[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2008年09期

2 李輝,魏德洲;環(huán)境影響評價的新領域——生態(tài)安全評價[J];安全與環(huán)境學報;2003年05期

3 吳開亞;生態(tài)安全理論形成的背景探析[J];合肥工業(yè)大學學報(社會科學版);2003年05期

4 彭靜波;邸利;林斌;石斌;于世廣;;基于熵權灰色關聯(lián)分析的小流域生態(tài)安全評價——以定西市安家溝小流域為例[J];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2010年07期

5 鄒長新,沈渭壽;生態(tài)安全研究進展[J];農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境;2003年01期

6 陳世發(fā);;基于GIS和EF模型的小流域生態(tài)安全動態(tài)研究[J];山西水土保持科技;2010年03期

7 張華;趙文吉;;基于RS和GIS的北京西山土壤侵蝕監(jiān)測與評價[J];首都師范大學學報(自然科學版);2009年01期

8 汪東川,盧玉東;國外土壤侵蝕模型發(fā)展概述[J];中國水土保持科學;2004年02期

9 李芬;王繼軍;;黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)紙坊溝小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)安全態(tài)勢變化的驅(qū)動力分析[J];中國水土保持科學;2009年02期

10 路炳軍;劉洪鵠;張波;袁愛萍;段淑懷;;基于GIS的北京市土壤侵蝕量計算[J];中國水土保持科學;2011年02期

，

本文編號：1828202