本文選題：玉米秸稈 + 低溫(10℃)��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：秸稈還田是提高作物秸稈利用效率、提高土壤肥力、改善土壤微環(huán)境的有效方法,但由于北方地區(qū)秋收后玉米秸稈原位還田因低溫而腐熟太慢,對(duì)耕整地、播種質(zhì)量等產(chǎn)生不利影響而不能普及應(yīng)用,大量秸稈運(yùn)出農(nóng)田或焚燒,造成了秸稈資源的浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染。因此本研究選用課題組從自然界鋸末中分離出的高效降解玉米秸稈復(fù)合菌系對(duì)GF-S3、GF-S72,研究其產(chǎn)酶特性,優(yōu)化發(fā)酵條件及液態(tài)發(fā)酵條件下對(duì)秸稈的降解能力,并制成生物菌劑,應(yīng)用于大田。為解決北方低溫條件下玉米秸稈田間降解難的問題提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支撐。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.對(duì)GF-S3、GF-S72復(fù)合菌系測定生長曲線、pH值、纖維素酶活性、秸稈降解率、木質(zhì)纖維素組成,GF-S3、GF-S72復(fù)合菌系15d的玉米秸稈降解率分別為23.50%、25.50%。纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素殘余量分別從培養(yǎng)前的2.60g、1.38g、0.42g；2.56g、1.37g、0.42g降解到1.27g、1.17g；0.70g、0.65g;0.24g、0.23g。2.通過測定纖維素酶活性及玉米秸稈降解率并且進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),研究了玉米秸稈低溫高效降解復(fù)合菌系的發(fā)酵條件,復(fù)合菌系GF-S72的最佳搖瓶培養(yǎng)條件為：接種量2%、初始pH=8、培養(yǎng)溫度10℃、培養(yǎng)時(shí)間6d、裝液量18mL、以尿素為氮源、氮源濃度為0.1%、混合氮源比2：1、碳氮比20：1。3.研究玉米秸稈低溫高效降解菌系的制劑配方。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)最佳載體為硅藻土,菌液：載體=3：1、菌劑與秸稈配比為0.05 g/2 g,GF-S72復(fù)合菌劑pH值為8.2；含水量為1.42%；纖維素酶活性為0.879 U·mL-1；OD為0.302;保藏濕度為10%,保藏溫度為15℃,此條件下保藏期目前可達(dá)3個(gè)月。4.結(jié)合玉米秸稈的降解率及多種酶活性指標(biāo),來驗(yàn)證玉米秸稈降解復(fù)合菌劑性能。GF-S72對(duì)玉米秸稈的降解率：在室內(nèi)土培條件下為15℃10℃;在室外土培條件下為GF-S72LKCK;在大田試驗(yàn)條件下為LKGF-S72CK。GF-S72處理后的土壤酶活性：在室內(nèi)土培條件下,14d時(shí)10℃、15℃的纖維素酶活性分別為1.14 mg/g、1.42mg/g；28d時(shí)10℃磷酸酶、脲酶分別為51.73 mg/g、3.42mg/g；15℃磷酸酶、脲酶分別為58.23 mg/g、4.10mg/g。在室外土培條件下,14d時(shí)GF-S72、LK的纖維素酶活性分別為1.30 mg/g、1.20mg/g；28d時(shí)GF-S72的磷酸酶、脲酶分別為47.29 mg/g、3.40mg/g,LK的磷酸酶、脲酶分別為45.05 mg/g、3.22mg/g。在大田試驗(yàn)條件下,14d時(shí)GF-S72、LK的纖維素酶活性分別為1.28 mg/g、1.42mg/g；28d時(shí)GF-S72的磷酸酶、脲酶分別為51.90 mg/g、3.49mg/g,LK的磷酸酶、脲酶最高分別為57.30mg/g、3.59mg/g。
[Abstract]:Straw returning is an effective method to improve the utilization efficiency of crop straw, improve soil fertility and improve soil microenvironment. Sowing quality and other adverse effects can not be popularized and a large amount of straw is transported out of farmland or burned resulting in waste of straw resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, in this study, we selected the high efficient biodegradable corn straw compound strain from natural sawdust to study the enzyme production, the optimum fermentation conditions and the degradation ability of the straw under the liquid fermentation conditions, and to make the biological bacteriological agent, and to study the enzyme production characteristics of GF-S3N GF-S72, and to optimize the degradation ability of the straw under the conditions of fermentation and liquid fermentation. Applied to the field. It provides theoretical basis and technical support for solving the problem of field degradation of corn straw under low temperature conditions in northern China. The main results are as follows: 1. The growth curve pH value, cellulase activity, straw degradation rate and lignocellulose composition of GF-S3GF-S72 composite strain were measured for 15 days. The degradation rates of corn straw were 23.50% and 25.50%, respectively. The residual amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were degraded from 2.60 g / L 1.38 g / L 0.42 g / L ~ 2.56 g / L ~ (1.37) g ~ (-1) ~ 0.42 g to 1.27 g ~ (-1) ~ (17) g ~ (-1) ~ 0.70 g ~ (-1) N ~ (0.24) g ~ (-1) ~ 0.24 g ~ (2) ~ (2) respectively. By measuring cellulase activity and the degradation rate of corn straw, the fermentation conditions of low temperature and high efficiency degradation of composite bacteria by corn straw were studied. The optimum culture conditions of GF-S72 were as follows: inoculation amount 2: 1, initial pH = 8, culture temperature 10 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1823324