本文選題：亞熱帶森林 + 凋落葉分解�。� 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林凋落物是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)重要的碳庫(kù)和養(yǎng)分庫(kù),對(duì)維持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能具有極其重要的作用。凋落物分解影響著土壤碳儲(chǔ)量、有機(jī)養(yǎng)分礦化、無(wú)機(jī)養(yǎng)分含量和碳平衡。研究森林凋落葉在分解過(guò)程中質(zhì)量、養(yǎng)分的動(dòng)態(tài)特征,探尋凋落物對(duì)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、碳流動(dòng)的影響機(jī)制,可為深入研究森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)、能量流動(dòng)提供科學(xué)參考。本研究以中亞熱帶4種優(yōu)勢(shì)樹(shù)種：針葉樹(shù)馬尾松(Pinus massonana)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、落葉闊葉樹(shù)楓香(Liquidambar formosana)、常綠闊葉樹(shù)青岡(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)的凋落葉為對(duì)象,采用野外分解網(wǎng)袋法,在南酸棗(Choerospondia axillaris)落葉闊葉林1ha固定樣地進(jìn)行分解試驗(yàn),比較研究不同樹(shù)種凋落葉分解速率及其養(yǎng)分釋放特征。主要結(jié)果為：(1)4種樹(shù)種凋落葉初始化學(xué)組成及其C/N、C/P、N/P化學(xué)計(jì)量比值存在較明顯的差異,闊葉樹(shù)種凋落葉初始N、P含量高于針葉樹(shù)種,而針葉樹(shù)種凋落葉初始C含量高于闊葉樹(shù)種；除C、N含量外,落葉闊葉樹(shù)種凋落葉初始組成含量高于常綠闊葉樹(shù)種。(2)經(jīng)過(guò)24個(gè)月的分解,4種樹(shù)種凋落葉質(zhì)量殘留率由高到低為：馬尾松(PM)(45.78%)杉木(CL)(42.31%)楓香(LF)(37.24%)青岡(LG)(29.11%),4種樹(shù)種凋落葉質(zhì)量殘留率差異不明顯。凋落葉分解速率分為3個(gè)階段：分解初期(0-10個(gè)月)速率較慢,分解中期較快(10-18個(gè)月),后期(18-24個(gè)月)最慢。凋落葉分解系數(shù)常數(shù)k值依次是：青岡(0.0525)楓香(0.0447)杉木(0.0370)馬尾松(0.0365)。青岡凋落葉分解最快,t50%為1.18 a,t95%為4.84 a,馬尾松凋落葉分解最慢,t50%為1.60 a,t95%為6.79 a,楓香凋落葉t50%為1.38 a,t95%為5.67 a,杉木凋落葉t50%為1.44 a,t95%為6.70 a。(3)經(jīng)過(guò)24個(gè)月的分解,C釋放量由高到低依次為：杉木青岡馬尾松楓香,N釋放量為：青岡楓香杉木馬尾松,P釋放量：為楓香青岡杉木馬尾松,可溶性糖釋放量為：杉木楓香青岡馬尾松,淀粉釋放量為：杉木楓香馬尾松青岡。4種樹(shù)種凋落葉的C、N、P化學(xué)計(jì)量比均表現(xiàn)為下降的趨勢(shì),但不同樹(shù)種的變化趨勢(shì)有差異。(4)4種樹(shù)種凋落葉C均表現(xiàn)為淋溶—富集—淋溶模式,4種樹(shù)種凋落葉C分解模型除了青岡為線性衰減方式以外,其余3種樹(shù)種均為負(fù)指數(shù)衰減方式,擬合曲線較符合實(shí)際情況。4種樹(shù)種凋落葉N、P均表現(xiàn)為富集—釋放模式,其中楓香凋落葉的N出現(xiàn)4次富集—釋放,馬尾松凋落葉出現(xiàn)3次,青岡凋落葉出現(xiàn)2,楓香、杉木擬合曲線為線性方程,青岡為三次方程,馬尾松為負(fù)指數(shù)衰減模型,均達(dá)到極顯著水平；楓香、青岡、馬尾松凋落葉P出現(xiàn)2次富集—釋放,杉木凋落葉P一直處于富集狀態(tài),僅楓香為負(fù)指數(shù)衰減模型且達(dá)到極顯著水平。4種樹(shù)種凋落葉可溶性糖、淀粉均釋放特征與C相似,馬尾松、青岡凋落葉的可溶性糖與淀粉均呈負(fù)指數(shù)衰減,杉木呈三次方程衰減,而楓香可溶性糖呈三次方程衰減,淀粉為負(fù)指數(shù)衰減模式。(5)凋落葉的C含量、C/N比、C/P比和N/P比越高,凋落葉分解速率越慢,相反,凋落葉的N、P含量越高,越有利于凋落葉的分解,說(shuō)明凋落葉化學(xué)組成是影響其分解速率的重要因素。凋落葉N、P含量高,有利于養(yǎng)分的釋放,而C含量、C/N比、C/P比、N/P比高不利于養(yǎng)分的釋放。
[Abstract]:Forest litter is an important carbon pool and nutrient Library of forest ecosystem, which plays an extremely important role in maintaining the structure and function of forest ecosystem. Litter decomposition affects soil carbon storage, organic nutrient mineralization, inorganic nutrient content and carbon balance. The quality of forest litter in decomposition process and the dynamic characteristics of nutrients are explored. The effects of litter on the nutrient cycle of forest ecosystem and the mechanism of carbon flow can provide a scientific reference for the deep study of the material circulation and energy flow in the forest ecosystem. This study is based on 4 dominant species in the middle subtropics: Coniferous pine (Pinus massonana), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), deciduous broadleaf tree maple (Liquidambar Formos) ANA), the leaf litter of Cyclobalanopsis glauca in evergreen broad-leaved tree (Cyclobalanopsis glauca) was taken as the object. The field decomposition net bag method was used to decompose the 1ha fixed plots in the deciduous broadleaf forest of the South sour jujube (Choerospondia axillaris). The decomposition rate and nutrient release characteristics of the leaves of different species were compared. The main results were as follows: (1) 4 species of leaf litter. The chemical composition of the initial chemical composition and the ratio of C/N, C/P and N/P to the chemical stoichiometric ratio of the broadleaf tree species were higher than that of the conifers, but the initial C content of the leaves of the conifers was higher than that of the broadleaved tree species. In addition to the C and N content, the content of the litters in deciduous broadleaf trees was higher than that of the evergreen broad-leaved trees. (2) after 24 months' score, the content of the leaves of deciduous broadleaved tree species was higher than that of the broadleaved tree species. The residue rate of 4 species of tree species was from high to low, including PM (45.78%) Chinese fir (CL) (42.31%) Feng Xiang (LF) (37.24%) green ridge (LG) (29.11%), and there was no significant difference in the residual rate of litter in 4 species of tree species. The rate of litter decomposition was divided into 3 stages: the rate of early decomposition (0-10 months) was slower, and the decomposition rate was faster (10-18 months), and 1 8-24 months) the slowest. The K value of the decomposition coefficient constant of the deciduous leaf is: green hill (0.0525) Feng Xiang (0.0447) Cunninghamia lanceolata (0.0370) masson pine (0.0365). The leaf litter decomposition is the fastest, t50% is 1.18 a, t95% is 4.84 a, the litter decomposition of Masson pine is the slowest, t50% is 1.60 a, t95% is 6.79 a, and the t50% of Feng Xiang litter t50% is 1.38 a, t95% is 5.67 traditions, Chinese fir leaf litter. For 1.44 a, t95% to 6.70 A. (3) after 24 months of decomposition, the release of C from high to low in turn: Sugiki Aookamaomatsukaedeka, N release amount: Aooka Kaedekasugikimayomatsu, P release amount: Maple cedar Cunninghamia lanceolata masson pine, the release amount of soluble sugar: Sugiki Kaedeka Pinus massoniana, starch release amount: Sugiki Kaedeka Masson Pine The chemical stoichiometric ratio of C, N and P in the leaves of.4 species in Qinggang was decreased, but the variation trend of different tree species was different. (4) the C of 4 species of tree species was leached and enriched and leaching model, and the C decomposition model of 4 species of tree species litter, except for the linear attenuation method, the other 3 species of tree species were negative exponential decay methods. The fitting curves were in accordance with the actual conditions of the.4 species N, P showed the enrichment and release pattern, in which the N of the leaves of maple leaf litter had 4 enrichment and release, 3 times, 2 of the litterfall leaves of Pinus massoniana, the linear equation of the fitting curve of maple and Cunninghamia lanceolata, the three equations of Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the negative exponential attenuation model of Masson pine. Very significant level, 2 concentration and release of P in the leaves of maple, Qinggang and Pinus massoniana leaves, and the P of fir litter has been in the state of enrichment. Only the maple root is a negative exponential decay model, and the soluble sugar of.4 species is very significant. The release characteristics of starch are similar to that of C. Exponential decay, Cunninghamia lanceolata was decaying three times, while the soluble sugar of maple was three attenuation and starch was negative exponential decay. (5) the C content of the litter, C/N ratio, C/P ratio and N/P ratio, the slower the decomposition rate of litter, the higher the N and P content of litter, the more beneficial to the decomposition of litter leaves, which indicated that the chemical composition of litter leaves was affected. An important factor of decomposition rate is that the high content of N and P in litters leaves is beneficial to nutrient release, while C content, C/N ratio, C/P ratio and N/P ratio are not conducive to nutrient release.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714

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