發(fā)布時間：2018-04-29 12:14

  本文選題：東方鈍綏螨 + 朱砂葉螨��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：煙粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一種危害嚴重的世界性農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲,生物防治在其治理中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。東方鈍綏螨(Amblyseius orientalis)屬寄螨目(Paratiformes)、革螨亞目(Gamasida)、植綏螨科(Phytoseiidae)、鈍綏螨屬(Amblyseius),是我國常見的植綏螨品種,過去被用作葉螨的專食性天敵。但最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該螨并非葉螨的專食性天敵,它還可以捕食其他的小型節(jié)肢動物害蟲,比如煙粉虱。但之前的研究顯示東方鈍綏螨僅取食煙粉虱不利于其保持種群。在自然環(huán)境中煙粉虱常常和朱砂葉螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)共同發(fā)生,為明確當煙粉虱與朱砂葉螨共存時東方鈍綏螨的捕食和種群動態(tài),本研究分別進行了以下三部分試驗:1)東方鈍綏螨對朱砂葉螨不同蟲態(tài)的捕食功能反應,2)東方鈍綏螨對朱砂葉螨和煙粉虱各自不同蟲態(tài)、以及兩種獵物較喜好蟲態(tài)之間的選擇喜好性,3)分別以朱砂葉螨前若螨、煙粉虱卵為食物,同時以二者為食物時東方鈍綏螨的捕食,產(chǎn)卵以及生命表參數(shù)。主要試驗結果如下:在25±1℃,RH 80±5%,光照L:D=16:8h的條件下研究了東方鈍綏螨雌成螨對朱砂葉螨三種螨態(tài)(卵、幼螨及前若螨)的捕食功能反應,其對朱砂葉螨三種螨態(tài)的功能反應均為HollingⅡ型,東方鈍綏螨雌成螨對朱砂葉螨卵、幼螨和前若螨的攻擊率分別為2.41、3.32和2.91;理論最大日捕食量Na分別為43.75、33.20和35.90頭。在煙粉虱的各蟲態(tài)中,東方鈍綏螨更喜好捕食煙粉虱卵,在朱砂葉螨各蟲態(tài)中,東方鈍綏螨對三種螨態(tài)的捕食喜好性表現(xiàn)為隨機性,但是對朱砂葉螨的前若螨捕食量稍大。當煙粉虱卵和朱砂葉螨前若螨共同存在時,東方鈍綏螨對煙粉虱卵的捕食喜好性系數(shù)α=0.81±0.02與對朱砂葉螨前若螨的捕食喜好性系數(shù)α=0.74±0.02沒有顯著性差異(t=-1.940,df=201,p=0.054),表明該捕食螨對二者的捕食具有隨機性。分別以朱砂葉螨前若螨、煙粉虱卵以及二者的混合獵物為食,東方鈍綏螨均能完成正常的生長發(fā)育,但是單獨以煙粉虱卵為食時,東方鈍綏螨的發(fā)育歷期較長(7.22天),比單獨以朱砂葉螨或以混合獵物飼養(yǎng)分別長53.9%和30.0%。此外,單獨以煙粉虱卵為食,東方鈍綏螨的產(chǎn)卵量很低,內(nèi)稟增長率為負,種群無法保持。以混合獵物或葉螨為食時,內(nèi)稟增長率分別為0.14與0.20。由此可見當煙粉虱和朱砂葉螨共同發(fā)生時,東方鈍綏螨可以維持種群的正常增殖。綜上所述,東方鈍綏螨可依靠朱砂葉螨保持種群正常增殖的同時達到兼治煙粉虱的目的。
[Abstract]:Whitefly Bemisia tabacii Gennadius is a serious agricultural pest in the world. Biological control plays a more and more important role in its management. Amblyseius orientalis) belongs to Paratiformesus, Gamasida, Phytoseiidaeae, Amblyseiusus, which is a common phytoseiid mite in China, and has been used as a special natural enemy of Tetranychus in the past. But recent studies have found that the mite is not a specific natural enemy of the leaf mites, but can also prey on other small arthropods, such as whitefly. But previous studies have shown that eating only Bemisia Tabaci is not conducive to maintaining the population. In the natural environment, Bemisia Tabaci often co-occurs with Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Tetranychus cinnabarinus). In order to clarify the predation and population dynamics of Bemisia Tabaci and Tetranychus cinnabarinus when they coexist with Tetranychus cinnabarinus, In this study, the following three parts of experiment were carried out respectively: 1) the predatory functional response of Acarinus oriental to different insect forms of Tetranychus cinnabarinus; (2) the different insect states of Bemisia cinnabarina and Bemisia Tabaci, respectively. The premites and whitefly eggs of Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the eggs of Bemisia Tabaci were used as food, respectively, and the predatory, spawning and life surface parameters of the two species were used as food. The main results were as follows: under the condition of 25 鹵1 鈩，

本文編號：1819896