本文選題：烯酰嗎啉 + 土壤酶活性��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：棚室作為一個特殊的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),在環(huán)境條件上與露地栽培有較大差別,同時該環(huán)境也為病蟲生物提供了適宜的滋生條件,導致病蟲生物大量繁殖,加上害蟲和致病微生物易發(fā)生突變,對農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)生抗藥性,因此導致人們對農(nóng)藥的高頻、高劑量使用。大量研究證實,農(nóng)藥在設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)中的持續(xù)時期遠長于普通種植農(nóng)業(yè)。因此這也就給我們提出了一個的問題:設(shè)施環(huán)境中農(nóng)藥的長期使用是否對土壤生命活動產(chǎn)生影響。烯酰嗎啉在農(nóng)業(yè)中廣泛應用的殺菌劑,易在土壤中產(chǎn)生殘留,對土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。由于頻繁施用,導致烯酰嗎啉在土壤中的含量逐漸積累。土壤微生物學是檢測土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要指標之一,其變化能夠反映農(nóng)藥對土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的危害。通過室內(nèi)分析試驗,研究殺菌劑烯酰嗎啉的頻繁施用對土壤微生物多樣性和土壤酶活性影響是亟需解決科學的問題。本試驗以烯酰嗎啉為供試農(nóng)藥,探討其對土壤中酶和生物多樣性的影響,得出以下結(jié)果:(1)烯酰嗎啉對土壤多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性存在一定的抑制作用,且噴施含量越高,抑制作用越強;土壤過氧化氫酶活性呈現(xiàn)出刺激-抑制的趨勢;對土壤脲酶活性的影響不顯著;對土壤磷酸酶活性抑制程度顯著強于脲酶活性。(2)烯酰嗎啉對土壤呼吸強度抑制作用顯著,且烯酰嗎啉含量越高、施用次數(shù)越多,抑制作用越強。烯酰嗎啉對土壤微生物量碳氮有一定程度的抑制作用,且施藥濃度越高,次數(shù)越多,抑制作用越大。(3)綜合上述研究結(jié)果,可以采用土壤多酚氧化酶,蔗糖酶土壤呼吸和土壤微生物量碳氮作為烯酰嗎啉污染的生物學指標。(4)多次施用低含量(5,10 mg/kg)烯酰嗎啉累積對土壤微生物群落物種豐富度以及均一度存在不同程度的抑制作用;高含量(25 mg/kg)烯酰嗎啉不同噴施次數(shù),均會對土壤微生物群落多樣性產(chǎn)生顯著的抑制作用。各處理在第一次施用后,只有高含量(25 mg/kg)烯酰嗎啉對土壤AWCD值影響明顯,對土壤微生物的代謝活性抑制作用顯著;在第二次和第三次施用后,無論是低含量(5,10 mg/kg)還是高含量(25 mg/kg),烯酰嗎啉處理土壤AWCD值總體顯著減小,表明其對土壤微生物代謝活性的抑制作用顯著增強。施用烯酰嗎啉影響了土壤微生物碳源利用方式和土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),其中土壤微生物對碳水化合物類碳源利用率明顯增大。
[Abstract]:As a special ecosystem, the greenhouse is different from open field cultivation in environmental conditions. At the same time, the environment also provides suitable breeding conditions for pest and disease organisms, which lead to mass propagation of disease and insect organisms. In addition, pests and pathogenic microorganisms are prone to mutagenesis and resistance to pesticides, which leads to high frequency and high dose of pesticides. A large number of studies have confirmed that the duration of pesticides in facility agriculture is much longer than that in ordinary farming. Therefore, this raises the question of whether the long-term use of pesticides in the facility environment has an impact on soil life activities. The fungicides widely used in agriculture by allyl morpholine are easy to produce residues in soil and have an effect on soil ecological environment. As a result of frequent application, the content of allyl morpholine in soil gradually accumulated. Soil microbiology is one of the important indexes to detect soil environmental quality, and its change can reflect the harm of pesticides to soil ecological environment. It is urgent to study the effects of frequent application of fungicide allylmorpholine on soil microbial diversity and soil enzyme activity through laboratory analysis. In this experiment, the effects of enylmorpholine on enzyme and biodiversity in soil were studied. The following results were obtained: 1) the activity of polyphenol oxidase and sucrase was inhibited by phenyl-morpholine in soil, and the higher the content of spraying was, the higher the content of phenolmorpholine was, the higher the activity of polyphenol oxidase and sucrase was. Soil catalase activity showed the tendency of stimulation and inhibition, and had no significant effect on soil urease activity. The inhibition of soil phosphatase activity was stronger than that of urease activity. Allyl morpholine has a certain degree of inhibition to soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the higher the application concentration, the more times, the more inhibitory effect.) synthesizing the above results, we can use soil polyphenol oxidase. Sucrase soil respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon nitrogen were used as biological indexes of allylmorpholine pollution. High concentration of 25 mg / kg) allylmorpholine could significantly inhibit the diversity of soil microbial community. After the first application, only 25 mg / kg of high content of tenyl morpholine significantly affected the AWCD value of soil, and inhibited the metabolic activity of soil microorganism significantly, and after the second and third application, The AWCD value of soil treated with allyl morpholine decreased significantly, whether it was 10 mg / kg or 25 mg 路kg ~ (-1), indicating that the inhibition of soil microbial metabolic activity was significantly enhanced by alkenylmorpholine, which was not only low content (10 mg 路kg ~ (-1))] or high content (25 mg 路kg ~ (-1)). The application of enylmorpholine affected soil microbial carbon source utilization patterns and soil microbial community structure, in which soil microbes increased the utilization rate of carbohydrate carbon sources.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S154;S482.2

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