本文選題：污泥堆肥 + 重金屬　； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快和人口的增加,城市污泥產(chǎn)量也不斷增加,對污泥進(jìn)行堆肥化處理是目前常用的處理手段。本文以蘭州市安寧區(qū)污水處理廠污泥為原料制成的污泥堆肥為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,設(shè)置不同的施肥處理,針對污泥堆肥施入農(nóng)田后土壤中重金屬含量情況及其安全問題,通過比較連續(xù)3年施用化肥(NPK),施用有機(jī)肥(M),單施污泥堆肥(W1)和不同比例污泥堆肥與化肥配施(W2-W5)的處理下土壤和作物籽粒中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、As 7種重金屬的積累以及作物產(chǎn)量的變化情況。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)施用污泥堆肥會增加土壤中重金屬含量,特別是Cr、Zn含量顯著增加,但是未超過國家安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn);土壤中的重金屬在土層遷移速度很慢,連續(xù)施用3年后除Cr、Zn向下移動以外,其他重金屬元素都在表層累積。(2)根據(jù)連續(xù)3年施肥后土壤中7種重金屬累積量估算,在最高施用污泥堆肥的處理下,本地區(qū)土壤對對Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和As的最高承載年限分別是281年、192年、48年、370年、2857年、170年和16年。最佳施肥方案W2施肥量下本地區(qū)對Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和As的最高承載年限分別是327年、263年、48年、729年、5045年、225年和18年。(3)施用污泥堆肥能提高土壤中全氮、全磷、全鉀、有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效磷和速效鉀含量,最高較基礎(chǔ)土壤分別增加了19.97%、16.02%、10.31%、15.40%、32.09%,32.79%和24.61%,較CK處理分別增加了41.81%、22.05%、12.04%、19.75%、43.1%、42.11%和33.96%,可以用作化肥的替代品并且達(dá)到培肥土壤的目的。(4)施用污泥堆肥能明顯提高作物的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量和生物產(chǎn)量,達(dá)到一定的增產(chǎn)目的,但是對提高作物的經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù)沒有明顯作用,污泥堆肥和化肥、傳統(tǒng)有機(jī)肥一樣都可以起到提高作物產(chǎn)量的作用,最高增產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了51%。污泥堆肥和化肥配合施用是一種合理可行的利用方式,既降低了污泥堆肥帶給農(nóng)田的重金屬污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)又減少了化肥的施用量,根據(jù)作物需求合理利用污泥堆肥可以達(dá)到很好的增產(chǎn)效果。(5)連續(xù)施用3年污泥堆肥后豌豆、蠶豆和胡麻籽粒中重金屬含量均在國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之下,因此施用污泥堆肥對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全沒有造成影響,可以在加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管的前提下合理利用于當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。(6)豌豆籽粒中的Pb、Zn、Cr的含量與土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cr的含量呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān),Hg含量與土壤中的Hg含量顯著正相關(guān);蠶豆籽粒中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg和As的含量與土壤中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg和As的含量呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān),Pb含量和土壤中的Pb含量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān);胡麻籽粒中的Pb、Zn、Hg和As的含量與土壤中的Pb、Zn、Hg和As的含量呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān),Cr含量與土壤中的Cr含量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of the process of modern urbanization and the increase of population, the production of municipal sludge is increasing, and the composting treatment of sludge is a commonly used treatment method. In this paper, the sludge compost made from sewage sludge of Lanzhou Anning District is used as the experimental material, and different fertilizer treatment is set up, and the sludge composting is applied to the sludge compost. The contents of heavy metals in soil and their safety problems after 3 years of fertilization were compared, and the accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, As 7 heavy metals in soil and crop grains and crop yield changes under the treatment of 3 years of continuous fertilizer application (NPK), organic manure (M), single application sludge composting (W1) and different proportions of sludge compost and fertilizer application (W2-W5) were used. The results showed that: (1) the application of sludge composting would increase the content of heavy metals in the soil, especially Cr, Zn content increased significantly, but did not exceed the national safety standards; heavy metals in the soil migrate slowly in the soil layer. After 3 years of continuous application, except Cr and Zn downward movement, the other heavy metals are accumulated in the surface layer. (2) according to continuous 3. The cumulative amount of 7 heavy metals in the soil after annual fertilization was estimated. Under the highest application of sludge composting, the highest loading years of soil to Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were 281 years, 192 years, 48 years, 370 years, 170 years and 16 years. The limits are 327 years, 263 years, 48 years, 729 years, 5045 years, 225 years and 18 years. (3) the application of sludge composting can increase the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, and the highest level of soil increases by 19.97%, 16.02%, 10.31%, 15.40%, 32.09%, 32.79%, and respectively, respectively. .04%, 19.75%, 43.1%, 42.11% and 33.96% can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer and achieve the purpose of fertilizing soil. (4) the application of sludge composting can obviously improve the economic yield and biological yield of crops, and achieve a certain increase in yield, but it has no obvious effect on increasing the economic coefficient of crops, sludge composting and chemical fertilizer, traditional organic fertilizer. The effect of crop yield can be improved. The highest yield increase rate is a reasonable and feasible way to use 51%. sludge compost and chemical fertilizer. It not only reduces the risk of heavy metal pollution brought to farmland by sludge compost, but also reduces the amount of fertilizer application. (5) the content of heavy metals in pea, Vicia bean and flax seed after 3 years of continuous application of sludge compost is under national standard, so the application of sludge compost has no effect on the quality and safety of agricultural products, and can be rationally used in local agricultural production under the premise of strengthening supervision. (6) the content of Pb, Zn, Cr in pea grain and the soil in the soil The content of Pb, Zn and Cr showed significant positive correlation, and the content of Hg was positively correlated with the content of Hg in the soil, and the content of Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg and As in the grain of broad bean showed significant positive correlation with the content of Cu in the soil. The contents of Pb, Zn, Hg and As in soil are significantly positively correlated, and Cr content is positively correlated with Cr content in soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141.4

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