本文選題：鹽堿地 + 玉米��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究是以山西太原輕度鹽堿與中度鹽堿地區(qū)為主要的研究區(qū)域,以玉米為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展秸稈覆蓋研究。設(shè)置4個(gè)處理組,覆蓋量分別為1.2kg/m~2(F1.2),0.9kg/m~2(F0.9),0.6kg/m~2(F0.6),0.3kg/m~2(F0.3),與1個(gè)對(duì)照組未覆蓋(CK)。其目的主要是研究有利于改善輕度、中度鹽堿地地區(qū)土壤水鹽運(yùn)移的規(guī)律以及改善玉米生長(zhǎng)特性指標(biāo)的最佳秸稈覆蓋量。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究取得了一些初步成果:1、不同秸稈覆蓋量條件下對(duì)鹽堿地玉米株高、莖粗、葉面積指數(shù)的影響,主要包括:(1)對(duì)于玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育指標(biāo)來(lái)說(shuō),在出苗初期處理組之間的差異不是特別明顯,差異性主要集中在玉米生長(zhǎng)的中后期。(2)輕度鹽堿地的各個(gè)處理組玉米株高、莖粗、葉面積指數(shù)均比中度鹽堿地對(duì)應(yīng)處理組的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)大。(3)結(jié)果表明F0.9的覆蓋量適合鹽堿地玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。2、不同秸稈覆蓋量條件下對(duì)玉米產(chǎn)量的影響,主要包括:(1)從玉米產(chǎn)量分析表明,輕、中度鹽堿地,處理組玉米產(chǎn)量都比對(duì)照組CK有不同程度的增加。(2)處理組F0.6玉米產(chǎn)量最多,增產(chǎn)效果由高到低的順序?yàn)?F0.6F0.9F1.2F0.3CK。(3)輕度鹽堿地、中度鹽堿地F0.6比CK分別增產(chǎn)21.39%、14.5%。3、不同秸稈覆蓋量條件下對(duì)土壤溫度的影響,主要包括:(1)經(jīng)過(guò)秸稈覆蓋的處理組與沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)秸稈覆蓋的對(duì)照組的地溫差異表現(xiàn)明顯。(2)中度鹽堿地,覆蓋量為f0.6時(shí),既有利于白天的熱傳導(dǎo)快速提高地溫又有利于夜間的保溫效果,可以延緩地溫下降,為植株發(fā)育提供一個(gè)適宜的地溫環(huán)境。4、不同秸稈覆蓋量條件下對(duì)土壤含水率的影響,主要包括:(1)輕、中度鹽堿地,秸稈覆蓋對(duì)土壤表層0-20cm含水率影響明顯。(2)處理組f0.9農(nóng)田含水率數(shù)值最高,處理組農(nóng)田土壤含水率均高于對(duì)照組對(duì)應(yīng)土壤層的含水率。輕度鹽堿地,農(nóng)作物棵間土壤蒸發(fā)量從大到小依次為ckf0.3f0.6f0.9f1.2。秸稈覆蓋處理可以起到蓄水保墑作用。(3)綜合輕、中度鹽堿地農(nóng)作物耕作層含水量來(lái)說(shuō),f0.9的覆蓋量最為合適。5、不同秸稈覆蓋量條件下土壤含鹽量的影響,主要包括:(1)輕、中度鹽堿地,處理組含鹽量明顯低于對(duì)照組的含鹽量。(2)處理主要對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤深度0-20cm含鹽量影響最大,當(dāng)農(nóng)田土壤深度不斷增加時(shí),秸稈覆蓋措施對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤含鹽量變化逐漸減小。處理組f1.2、f0.9相比較于對(duì)照組脫鹽效果明顯。(3)從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面與控鹽效果綜合來(lái)說(shuō),處理組f0.9脫鹽作用較好。6、秸稈覆蓋對(duì)玉米生理指標(biāo)變化的影響,主要包括:(1)輕、中度鹽堿地都是處理組f0.9凈光合速率提升效果明顯。(2)處理組f0.9的蒸騰速率最大(3)處理組f0.9的葉綠素含量為最高。7、從玉米生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)及土壤水分、鹽分、溫度數(shù)據(jù)分析綜合來(lái)說(shuō),0.6-0.9kg/m~2的秸稈覆蓋量對(duì)汾河灌區(qū)玉米的種植最為適宜。
[Abstract]:In this study, the main research area was light and moderate saline-alkali areas in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and the straw mulching was carried out with corn as the research object. Four treatment groups were set up, the coverage was 1.2 kg / m ~ (2) F ~ (1.2) ~ 0.9kg 路m ~ (2) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) F ~ (0.9) ~ 0.6 kg 路m ~ (2) F ~ (0.6) ~ 0.3kg / m ~ (2) F ~ (2) C ~ (2 +) and the control group was not covered with CK ~ (2 +). The main purpose of this study was to study the regularity of soil water and salt migration and the optimum straw mulch to improve the growth characteristics of maize in mild and moderate saline-alkali areas. The effects of different straw mulching on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index of maize in saline and alkali soil, including the growth and development index of maize, were studied. In the early stage of seedling emergence, the difference between the treatment groups was not especially obvious, the difference was mainly concentrated in the middle and late stage of maize growth, the difference was mainly in the middle and late stage of maize growth, the difference was mainly in the corn plant height and stem diameter of each treatment group in the light saline soil. The results showed that the mulching amount of F0.9 was suitable for maize growth and development in saline-alkali soil, and the effect of different straw mulching on maize yield. The corn yield of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group in different degree. The yield of F0.6 maize in the treatment group was the highest, and the order of increasing yield was: F0.6F0.9F0.9F1.2F0.3CK.f3) in the light and moderate saline-alkali soil, the corn yield of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and the order of increasing yield was: F0.6F0.9F0.9F1.2F0.3CK. The yield of F0.6 in moderate saline-alkali land was 21.39 than that in CK, respectively. The effect of straw mulching on soil temperature was significant. The difference of soil temperature between the treatment group with straw mulching and the control group without straw mulching showed significant difference in soil temperature under different straw mulching conditions, and the difference of soil temperature between the treatment group and the control group without straw mulching was obvious. When the coverage is f0.6, it is not only beneficial to the heat conduction during the day to increase the ground temperature rapidly, but also to the thermal insulation effect at night, which can delay the decrease of the ground temperature. The effects of different straw mulching on soil moisture content, including 1) light and moderate saline-alkali soil, were provided for plant development. The effect of straw mulching on soil surface 0-20cm moisture content was obvious. 2) the water content of f0.9 farmland was the highest in the treatment group, and the soil moisture content of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. In mild saline soil, the order of soil evaporation between crops was ckf0.3f0.6f0.9f1.2. Straw mulching can play a role of water storage and conservation of soil moisture. 3) Comprehensive light, moderate saline-alkali land crop tillage layer water content is the most appropriate. 5, different straw mulching effects of soil salt content, mainly including 1: 1) light, The salt content of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. (2) the main effect of the treatment on the soil depth of farmland was 0-20cm, and when the soil depth of the field was increasing, the salt content of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Straw mulching measures on the soil salinity changes gradually decreased. Compared with the control group, the effect of desalination of treatment group f1.2mf0.9 was obvious. 3) in terms of economic and salt control effect, the effect of treatment group f0.9 on desalination was better. 6. The effect of straw mulch on physiological index change of maize, mainly including 1: 1) was light. In moderate saline-alkali land, the net photosynthetic rate of treatment group (f0.9) was significantly increased. The transpiration rate of treatment group (f0.9) was the highest. (3) the chlorophyll content of treatment group F0.9 was the highest. The chlorophyll content of treatment group was the highest, according to corn growth index and soil moisture, salt content. The analysis of temperature data shows that the straw mulch of 0.6-0.9kgmm2 is the most suitable for maize planting in Fenhe irrigation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513;S156.4

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