本文選題：自然堆肥 + 菌劑堆肥��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：將具有木質(zhì)纖維素降解能力的菌劑,接種到以牛糞和水稻秸稈為材料的堆肥中,通過測定溫度、p H值、C/N、種子發(fā)芽率、NH4+-N、NO3ˉ-N相關(guān)指標,考察了接種菌劑堆肥和自然堆肥腐熟情況。采用傳統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)與聚合酶鏈式反應(yīng)-變性梯度凝膠電泳(PCR-DGGE)技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方法,研究了接種菌劑對牛糞堆肥中硝化、反硝化細菌數(shù)量及群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成和多樣性的影響,為進一步探討硝化、反硝化細菌在堆肥氮素循環(huán)中的作用提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)整個堆肥過程共持續(xù)45d,兩組堆肥都經(jīng)歷了升溫、高溫、降溫和腐熟階段。菌劑堆肥最高溫度為66℃高于自然堆肥的最高溫度59℃,高溫期分別持續(xù)13d和9d,表明接種菌劑可提高堆肥溫度,延長高溫期,同時p H值、C/N、種子發(fā)芽率、NH4+-N和NO3ˉ-N含量變化表明接種菌劑有利于微生物生長,促進堆肥腐熟,達到無害化標準。(2)接種菌劑使堆肥中可培養(yǎng)的硝化細菌數(shù)量多于自然堆肥,反硝化細菌數(shù)量少于自然堆肥。硝化和反硝化細菌數(shù)量與NH4+-N成負相關(guān)關(guān)系,與NO3ˉ-N成顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05);菌劑堆肥相關(guān)系數(shù)大于自然堆肥。(3)接種菌劑對amo A基因標記的氨氧化細菌多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成產(chǎn)生一定影響。和自然堆肥相比,菌劑堆肥中氨氧化細菌種類更加豐富。自然堆肥中亞硝化螺菌屬(Nitrosospira)為優(yōu)勢種群,而菌劑堆肥中增加了新的類群,分別為亞硝化弧菌屬(Nitrosovibrio)和亞硝化單胞菌屬(Nitrosomonas)。(4)接種菌劑對nir S型反硝化細菌群落多樣性無明顯影響,而使nar G,nap A,nir K和nos Z型發(fā)生改變。和自然堆肥相比,nar G多樣性指數(shù)在堆肥升溫階段較低,降溫階段較高;菌劑堆肥nap A和nos Z種類更加豐富,各時期多樣性指數(shù)都大于自然堆肥;Nir K型反硝化細菌多樣性在菌劑堆肥中減少。(5)接種菌劑對nir S型反硝化群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成無影響,對nar G,nap A,nir K和nos Z影響較大。自然堆肥nar G型主要類群為發(fā)硫菌屬(Thiothrix),而接種菌劑導(dǎo)致一些新的未培養(yǎng)類群產(chǎn)生,使原優(yōu)勢發(fā)硫菌屬(Thiothrix)數(shù)量和所占比例減小;假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)和某些未培養(yǎng)細菌是自然堆肥Nap A型反硝化細菌群落的優(yōu)勢菌屬,菌劑堆肥除了含有這些類群外還出現(xiàn)了新的反硝化類群,分別屬于紅細菌屬(Rhodobacter)和生絲微菌屬(Hyphomicrobium);Nir K在菌劑堆肥后期檢測到與紅假單胞菌屬(Rhodopseudomonas)同源性較高的反硝化細菌,但未檢測到自然堆肥降溫時期存在的無色桿菌屬(Achromobacter)和一些未培養(yǎng)細菌,且使原自然堆肥的慢生根瘤菌屬(Bradyrhizobium),根瘤菌屬(Rhizobium),中慢生根瘤菌屬(Mesorhizobium),副球菌屬(Paracoccus)和假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)表現(xiàn)出消失再出現(xiàn)的變化現(xiàn)象;自然堆肥nos Z型反硝化細菌包括假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas),產(chǎn)堿菌屬(Alcaligenes)和無色桿菌屬(Achromobacter),其中,假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)為優(yōu)勢菌群,而菌劑堆肥中檢測出自然堆肥所沒有的新類群,包括鹽單胞菌屬(Halomonas),固氮螺菌屬(Azospirillum),副球菌屬(Paracoccus),草螺菌屬(Herbaspirillum)和產(chǎn)堿菌屬(Alcaligenes)。
[Abstract]:The microbial agent with lignocellulose degradation ability was inoculated into the composting of cow dung and rice straw. By measuring temperature, P H value, C/N, seed germination rate, NH4+-N, NO3 to -N related indexes, the condition of inoculant compost and natural composting was investigated. The traditional culture and polymerase chain reaction denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (PC) were used. R-DGGE) the effect of inoculation on nitrification, denitrifying bacteria number, composition and diversity of denitrifying bacteria in cow manure composting was studied, and the theoretical basis for further discussion of nitrification and denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle of composting was provided. The main results were as follows: (1) the whole composting process lasted for a total of 45d, two The compost of the group experienced the stage of heating, high temperature, cooling and decayed. The highest temperature of the compost was 66 degrees centigrade higher than that of the natural compost at 59 degrees centigrade, and the high temperature period continued 13D and 9D respectively. It showed that the inoculant could increase the temperature of the compost and prolong the high temperature period. At the same time, the P H value, the C/N, the seed germination rate, the NH4+-N and the NO3 -N content showed that the inoculant was favorable. In the growth of microbes, the composting can be promoted to reach the harmless standard. (2) inoculants make the number of culturable nitrifying bacteria more than natural compost, the number of denitrifying bacteria is less than that of the natural compost. The number of nitrification and denitrifying bacteria is negatively correlated with NH4+-N, and the relationship with NO3 -N is significant positive correlation (P0.05); The number was greater than that of natural compost. (3) inoculants had a certain effect on the diversity and community structure of the ammoxidation bacteria marked by amo A gene. Compared with natural compost, the species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were more abundant in the compost of the bacteria. In natural compost, the genus Nitrosospira was the dominant population, and the new group was added in the microbial composting. Respectively, Nitrosovibrio and Nitrosomonas. (4) inoculants had no obvious effect on the diversity of NIR S type denitrifying bacteria, but NAR G, nap A, NIR K and NOS Z type changed. The variety of nap A and NOS Z was more abundant, and the diversity index of each period was greater than that of natural compost, and the diversity of Nir K denitrifying bacteria decreased in the microbial composting. (5) inoculants had no influence on the structure of NIR S type denitrification community, and the main group of NAR G, nap A, etc. ) and the inoculation of some new uncultivated groups resulted in the production of some new uncultivated groups, which reduced the number and proportion of the original Thiothrix, and the Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) and some uncultured bacteria were the dominant bacteria of the natural compost Nap A denitrifying bacteria community. Groups, respectively, belong to the genus Rhodobacter and Hyphomicrobium, and Nir K detected the denitrifying bacteria with higher homology with the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the later period of the microbial composting, but not the colorless bacilli (Achromobacter) and some uncultured bacteria in the natural composting period, and the original bacteria were not detected. The slow growing Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium), the rhizobia (Rhizobium), the middle and slow Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium), the Paracoccus and the Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) in the natural compost were changed, and the natural compost NOS Z denitrifying bacteria included the Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) and the alkaloid (Alcaligene). S) and colorless bacilli (Achromobacter), among which Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) is the dominant group, and new groups of natural compost are detected in microbial composting, including Halomonas, Azospirillum, Paracoccus, Herbaspirillum and Alcaligenes (Alcaligenes).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4

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