本文選題：烤煙 + 土壤養(yǎng)分�。� 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文在深入調(diào)查和綜合評(píng)價(jià)植煙土壤養(yǎng)分狀況和煙株?duì)I養(yǎng)元素分布狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,開展大量元素肥料配比試驗(yàn)研究和中微量元素補(bǔ)充施用研究,建立能夠促進(jìn)煙株生長(zhǎng)、改善煙葉質(zhì)量的平衡施肥技術(shù),為河池市優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉開發(fā)提供技術(shù)支撐。其主要結(jié)論如下：(1)河池?zé)焻^(qū)植煙土壤土壤pH平均值為6.2±0.86,整體處于適宜水平；土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量平均值為29.1±9.9 g·kg-1,總體處于適宜至豐富范圍；土壤CEC平均為12.4±4.4 cmol·kg-1,處于適宜至偏低水平；土壤速效氮總體處于較豐富范圍,速效磷和速效鉀整體處于缺乏至極缺乏水平；土壤交換性鈣、有效硫含量整體較為適宜,交換性鎂含量整體處于較低水平；土壤有效鋅、鉬、錳和水溶性氯含量整體較為適宜,鐵含量較為豐富,有效硼含量較為缺乏。(2)與國(guó)內(nèi)其他產(chǎn)區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉相比,河池?zé)熑~氮和磷含量總體處于偏低水平；煙葉鉀含量總體上高于其他產(chǎn)區(qū),但距離優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉鉀含量要求還有一定差距；煙葉鈣含量偏高,鎂含量嚴(yán)重偏低；硫和氯含量總體處于中等水平；煙葉錳含量和硼含量嚴(yán)重低于國(guó)內(nèi)其他優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)水平。(3)采取裂區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究了氮肥(每667m2施純氮5kg、6kg、7kg)、磷肥(每667m2施純磷9kg、11kg、13kg)和鉀肥(每667m2施純鉀18kg、21kg、24kg)不同用量對(duì)煙株生長(zhǎng)和煙葉質(zhì)量的影響,結(jié)果表明,以每667m2施純氮6kg,純磷11kg,純鉀24kg的氮磷鉀配比模式較優(yōu)。(4)在氮磷鉀三大營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平一致的條件下,采取隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),研究了不同有機(jī)肥用量(每667m2施麩肥0kg、10kg、20kg、30kg、40kg)對(duì)煙株生長(zhǎng)和煙葉質(zhì)量的影響,結(jié)果表明,以每667m2施麩肥20kg較為適合。(5)針對(duì)河池?zé)焻^(qū)土壤速效鉀含量普遍偏低的情況,采取隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),研究在常規(guī)施肥基礎(chǔ)上使用生物鉀肥的技術(shù)應(yīng)用效果。結(jié)果表明：以“常規(guī)施肥+每667m2增施2kg生物鉀肥”和“常規(guī)施肥減少10%鉀肥用量+每667 m2增施2kg生物鉀肥”兩種方式可促進(jìn)煙株生長(zhǎng)、改善煙葉品質(zhì)。(6)在相同施肥量的條件下,采取隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),研究了鉀肥施用時(shí)間后移對(duì)煙葉生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)形成的影響。結(jié)果表明,綜合田間長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀和質(zhì)量性狀來(lái)看,相同鉀肥施用量條件下,50%團(tuán)棵期追施+50%圓頂期追施是較為適合河池?zé)焻^(qū)的實(shí)際鉀肥施用方式。(7)針對(duì)河池?zé)焻^(qū)部分土壤偏酸和土壤交換性鎂普遍不足的特點(diǎn),以白云石粉為供試材料,采取大區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究了白云石粉用量對(duì)煙株生長(zhǎng)和煙葉質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,在土壤pH值在5.0左右時(shí),每667m2施用100-150kg白云石粉較為合適,煙株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀均有所改善。(8)針對(duì)河池?zé)焻^(qū)土壤有效硼普遍缺乏的特點(diǎn),采取隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),研究了不同硼肥用量和施用方法對(duì)煙葉生長(zhǎng)和煙葉質(zhì)量的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：在常規(guī)施肥的基礎(chǔ)上每667m2基施硼砂2.0kg或旺長(zhǎng)前期噴施0.15%硼砂能有效提高煙葉葉面積,改善煙葉等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。綜合以上研究結(jié)果,針對(duì)河池?zé)焻^(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分和烤后煙葉礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分含量現(xiàn)狀,煙葉生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)堅(jiān)持“穩(wěn)氮、增磷、提鉀、補(bǔ)鎂硼”的平衡施肥總體思路,并采用增施生物鉀肥和后移鉀肥施用時(shí)間等方式改進(jìn)鉀肥施用方式、提高鉀肥利用效率。
[Abstract]:On the basis of in-depth investigation and comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient status and distribution of nutrient elements in tobacco plants, this paper carried out a large amount of fertilizer ratio test and supplemental application of medium and trace elements to establish a balanced fertilization technology that could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the quality of tobacco leaves to provide technology for the development of high quality tobacco in Hechi. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average value of soil soil pH in tobacco planting soil in Hechi is 6.2 + 0.86, and the overall soil organic matter content is 29.1 + 9.9 g kg-1, and the average soil CEC is 12.4 + 4.4 CMoL. Kg-1, and the soil available nitrogen is at the low level. As a whole, available P and available K are in a lack of extreme deficiency as a whole; soil exchangeable calcium, effective sulfur content as a whole is more suitable, and the content of exchangeable magnesium is at a lower level; the content of effective zinc, molybdenum, manganese and water-soluble chlorine in soil is more suitable, the content of iron is more abundant and the content of effective boron is scarce. (2) and domestic The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in tobacco leaves in Hechi was generally on the low level compared with other high quality tobacco leaves. The content of potassium in tobacco leaves is higher than that in other producing areas, but there is a certain gap between the potassium content of high quality tobacco leaves and the high content of calcium in tobacco leaves, the content of magnesium is seriously low, and the content of sulfur and chlorine is at the middle level, and the content of manganese and boron in tobacco leaves are in the middle level. (3) the effects of different dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen 5kg, 6kg, 7kg), phosphorus fertilizer (pure phosphorus 9kg, 11kg, 13kg) and potassium fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plant and the quality of tobacco were studied by the split zone test. The results showed that the effects of the different amounts of pure potassium 18kg, 21kg, 24kg) on the growth of tobacco plants and the quality of tobacco. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of pure potassium 24kg was better. (4) under the same conditions of three large nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the effect of different organic manure (0kg, 10kg, 20kg, 30kg, 40kg) on the growth of tobacco plant and the quality of tobacco was studied in a random area test. The results showed that the percentage of 20kg per 667m2 application was more suitable. (5) for Hechi tobacco. In the case of low soil available potassium in the soil, a randomized block test was adopted to study the application effect of biological potassium fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilization. The results showed that two kinds of methods were: "conventional fertilization, adding 2kg biological potash fertilizer per 667m2 per 667m2" and "reducing the amount of potassium fertilizer with conventional fertilization and adding 2kg bio potash fertilizer per 667 m2." Growth of tobacco plant and improvement of tobacco quality. (6) under the same amount of fertilizer, the effect of the time shift of Potassium Fertilizer on the growth and quality of tobacco leaves was studied under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer. The results showed that, under the condition of the comprehensive field growth, economic characters and quality traits, the 50% regiment period chased the +50% dome period under the same application amount of potash fertilizer. Application is suitable for the practical application of potash fertilizer in Hechi tobacco area. (7) in view of the characteristics of partial soil partial acid and exchangeable magnesium in the tobacco area of Hechi, the effect of dolomite powder on the growth of tobacco plant and the quantity of tobacco leaf quality was studied with dolomite powder as the test material. The results showed that the pH value of the soil was about 5. The application of 100-150kg dolomite powder per 667m2 was more suitable, and the growth and economic traits of the tobacco plant were improved. (8) according to the characteristics of the common lack of available boron in the soil of Hechi tobacco area, the effect of different dosage of boron fertilizer and application method on the growth of tobacco leaves and the quality of tobacco leaves was studied. On the basis of each 667m2 base application of borax 2.0kg or early spraying 0.15% borax, the leaf area of tobacco leaves can be improved effectively and the structure of tobacco leaves can be improved. According to the above results, the balance fertilization of "stable nitrogen, phosphorus increase, potassium extraction and Magnesium Boron" should be adhered to in the production of soil nutrients in Hechi tobacco area and the content of mineral nutrients in the cured tobacco leaves. The application of potassium fertilizer and the increase of potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency were improved by adding biological potassium fertilizer and post application potassium fertilizer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S572;S158

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