本文選題：長期秸稈還田 + NH_~+的吸附�。� 參考：《植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報》2017年02期

【摘要】：【目的】研究長期秸稈還田對不同輪作區(qū)域耕層和亞耕層的土壤銨態(tài)氮(NH4+)的吸附、解吸特征差異,通過Langmuir等溫吸附方程擬合得到NH4+最大吸附量(qmax)和吸附系數(b),分析長期秸稈還田對不同土壤NH4+的吸附、解吸特征差異及影響因素�！痉椒ā�2015年10月水稻收獲后,在湖南望城(稻 稻輪作)、江西進賢(稻 稻輪作)、重慶北碚(稻 麥輪作)三個長期定位試驗點(25年)采集不施肥(CK)、長期施用化肥(NPK)和長期秸稈還田配施化肥(NPKS)三個處理、0—20 cm和20—40 cm兩個土層的土樣,進行土壤NH4+的吸附 解吸室內試驗,吸附試驗為添加不同濃度的NH4Cl溶液振蕩、離心后,測定濾液NH4+濃度;解吸試驗采用吸附試驗后的土壤樣品,經無水乙醇淋洗至無NH4+后,再加入0.01 mol/L的KCl溶液振蕩、離心后測定濾液NH4+濃度�！窘Y果】長期秸稈還田對不同試驗點土壤NH4+吸附 解吸特征的影響差異較大。處理間的差異主要表現在耕層土壤。當平衡溶液NH4+濃度400 mg/L時,不同試驗點耕層和亞耕層處理間差異均不明顯;當平衡溶液濃度400 mg/L時,處理間耕層土壤對NH4+吸附表現出差異,其中望城試驗點土壤對NH4+的吸附表現為CKNPKNPKS,北碚試驗點則表現為CKNPKSNPK,且北碚試驗點的紫色土對NH4+的吸附顯著高于望城和進賢試驗點的紅壤性水稻土。進賢試驗點不同處理間差異不明顯,且土壤對NH4+的吸附量最低。通過相關性分析發(fā)現,qmax和土壤p H、陽離子交換量CEC呈顯著正相關,而與土壤有機質和全氮含量呈顯著負相關;b與土壤性質的相關性與qmax則相反。從土壤對NH4+的解吸曲線來看,耕層和亞耕層土壤對NH4+的解吸在各試驗點不同處理間均表現為差異不顯著,其中望城和進賢試驗點的紅壤性水稻土NH4+的最大解吸量高于其吸附量,而北碚試驗點的紫色土NH4+的最大解吸量(541.89~742.38 mg/kg)則遠低于其吸附量(1003.83~2014.79mg/kg)�！窘Y論】長期秸稈還田對不同土壤NH4+的吸附 解吸作用影響不同,對于土壤吸附位點較多且鉀離子含量豐富的紫色土而言,長期秸稈還田有利于土壤對氮的吸附;而對于土壤偏酸性的紅壤性水稻土而言,長期秸稈還田則可能因為增加了土壤有機質含量而減少了土壤對銨態(tài)氮的吸附位點,從而降低了土壤對氮的吸附保持能力。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen (NH _ 4) from cultivated and sub-tilling layers of different rotation regions by long-term straw returning to the field. The maximum adsorption capacity of NH4 (Qmax) and adsorption coefficient (BX) were obtained by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption, desorption characteristics and influencing factors of NH4 in different soils were analyzed. [methods] after rice harvest in October 2015, the adsorption of NH4 in different soils was analyzed. In Wangcheng, Hunan Province (rice and rice rotation, Jiangxi Jinxian (rice and rice rotation), Chongqing Beibei (rice and wheat rotation)) three long-term location test sites (25 years) collected no fertilization, long-term application of chemical fertilizer NPK and long-term straw back to the field. The soil samples of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were treated with NPKS. The adsorption and desorption experiments of NH4 in soil were carried out in laboratory. The adsorption test consisted of adding different concentration of NH4Cl solution oscillating, centrifuging, determining the concentration of NH4 in filtrate, desorption test using soil sample after adsorption test, eluting it to NH4 by anhydrous ethanol. The concentration of NH4 in filtrate was determined after centrifugation. [results] the effect of long-term straw returning to the field on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of soil NH4 in different test sites was significant. The difference between treatments was mainly reflected in the topsoil. When the concentration of NH4 in equilibrium solution was 400 mg/L, there was no significant difference between the topping layer and sub-tilling layer in different test sites, and when the concentration of equilibrium solution was 400 mg/L, the adsorption of NH4 on the topsoil was different between the treatments. The adsorption of NH4 on the soil of Wangcheng experimental site was CKNPKNPKS, and that of Beibei test site was CKNPKSNPK, and the adsorption of NH4 on purple soil in Beibei test site was significantly higher than that in Wangcheng and Jinxian test sites. There was no significant difference among different treatments in Jinxian test site, and the adsorption amount of NH4 to soil was the lowest. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between Qmax and soil pH, cationic exchange capacity (CEC), but a significant negative correlation between CEC and soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. The correlation between Qmax and soil properties was opposite to that of qmax. According to the desorption curve of soil to NH4, there was no significant difference in NH4 desorption between topsoil and sub-tillage layer, and the maximum desorption amount of NH4 in Wangcheng and Jinxian test sites was higher than that in red soil paddy soil. The maximum desorption capacity of NH4 in purple soil of Beibei test site was 541.89 ~ 742.38 mg / kg), which was much lower than that of 1003.83 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of NH4 in purple soil. [conclusion] the adsorption and desorption of NH4 in different soils by long-term straw treatment were different. For purple soil with more adsorption sites and rich potassium ion content, long-term straw returning to the field is beneficial to the adsorption of nitrogen, but to the paddy soil of red soil, which is slightly acidic, Long-term straw returning to the field may decrease the adsorption sites of ammonium nitrogen by increasing the content of soil organic matter, thus reducing the adsorption and retention capacity of soil nitrogen.
【作者單位】： 華中農業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院/農業(yè)部長江中下游耕地保育重點實驗室;湖南省土壤肥料研究所;江西省紅壤研究所;西南大學資源環(huán)境學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(41301319) 湖北省自然科學基金項目(2013CFB203)資助
【分類號】：S158

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